Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.

Abstract:

:The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the most common of the endocrine lines/axis' to be affected by HIV infection. There are multiple factors that contribute to this HPA axis dysregulation. Direct invasion of the various organs in the axis can be either by opportunistic infections or infiltrative diseases. The soluble factors or cytokines released during viral infection and the chronic inflammatory state that follows, also contribute to these alterations. The actions of these cytokines released by the immune response can both activate the HPA axis and cause a glucocorticoid resistant state. Further, many of the anti-retroviral and other medications used to treat HIV infection can contribute to HPA axis dysfunction. While the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine dysfunction is the same as in any other patient, management pathways may be quite different. While some may be adaptive responses, life threatening adrenal insufficiency can also be present. It is important the latter be picked up expeditiously and treated promptly to avoid mortality.

authors

George MM,Bhangoo A

doi

10.1007/s11154-013-9244-x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-06-01 00:00:00

pages

105-12

issue

2

eissn

1389-9155

issn

1573-2606

journal_volume

14

pub_type

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