Abstract:
:Live-imaging technology has markedly advanced in the field of neural injury and axon degeneration; however, studies are still predominantly performed in in vitro settings such as cultured neuronal cells or in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans in which axons lack glial wrappings. We recently developed a new in vivo model for adult-stage neural injury in Drosophila melanogaster, using the highly accessible wing of the animal. Because the Drosophila wing is translucent and dispensable for survival, it allows clear and direct visualization of injury-induced progressive responses of axons and glia highlighted by fluorescent protein (FP) markers in live animals over time. Moreover, unlike previous Drosophila models of neural injury, this procedure does not require dissection of the CNS. Thus, the key preparation steps for in vivo imaging of the neural injury response described in this protocol can be completed within 30 min.
journal_name
Nat Protocjournal_title
Nature protocolsauthors
Fang Y,Soares L,Bonini NMdoi
10.1038/nprot.2013.042subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-01 00:00:00pages
810-9issue
4eissn
1754-2189issn
1750-2799journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Nature Protocols文献大全abstract::Many techniques have been developed for studying inducible gene expression, but all of them are multicomponent systems consisting of cis-acting elements at the DNA or RNA level, trans-acting regulator proteins and/or small molecules as inducers. RNA thermometers are the only known single-component regulators of gene e...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2009.112
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamics of transcription can be studied genome wide by high-throughput sequencing of nascent and newly synthesized RNA. 4-thiouridine (4SU) labeling in vivo enables the specific capture of such new transcripts, with 4SU residues being tagged by biotin linkers and captured using streptavidin beads before library p...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0262-3
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::New technologies have recently enabled saturation mutagenesis and functional analysis of nearly all possible variants of regulatory elements or proteins of interest in single experiments. Here we discuss the past, present, and future of such multiplexed (functional) assays for variant effects (MAVEs). MAVEs provide de...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2016.135
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lung epithelium is derived from the endodermal germ layer, which undergoes a complex series of endoderm-mesoderm-mediated signaling events to generate the final arborized network of conducting airways (bronchi, bronchioles) and gas-exchanging units (alveoli). These stages include endoderm induction, anterior-poste...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-018-0104-8
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important goal of the analysis of sequenced genomes of microbial pathogens is to improve the therapy of infectious diseases. In this context, a major challenge is to detect genomic-level evolutionary changes that increase microbial virulence. TimeZone, a genome analysis software package, is designed to detect footp...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.031
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freestanding plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) superlattice sheets are novel 2D nanomaterials with tailorable properties that enable their use for broad applications in sensing, anticounterfeit measures, ionic gating, nanophotonics and flat lenses. We recently developed a robust, yet general, two-step drying-mediated approa...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0200-4
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-to-cell chemical signaling plays multiple roles in coordinating the activity of the functional elements of an organism, with these elements ranging from a three-neuron reflex circuit to the entire animal. In recent years, single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) has enabled the discovery of cell-to-cell signaling molec...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.277
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The world is on the cusp of a post-antibiotic era, but researchers and medical doctors have found a way forward-by looking back at how infections were treated before the advent of antibiotics, namely using phage therapy. Although bacteriophages (phages) continue to lack drug approval in Western medicine, an increasing...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0346-0
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein called 'small ubiquitin-like modifier' (SUMO) is post-translationally linked to target proteins at the ɛ-amino group of lysine residues. This 'SUMOylation' alters the behavior of the target protein, a change that is utilized to regulate diverse cellular processes. Understanding the target-specific conseque...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.095
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This protocol describes a general method for the preparation of RNAs in which the reactivity or hydrogen-bonding properties of the molecule are modified in a photoreversible fashion by use of a caging strategy. A single caged adenosine, modified at the 2' position as a nitro-benzyl ether, can be incorporated into shor...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.154
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During biosynthesis on the ribosome, an elongating nascent polypeptide chain can begin to fold, in a process that is central to all living systems. Detailed structural studies of co-translational protein folding are now beginning to emerge; such studies were previously limited, at least in part, by the inherently dyna...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2016.101
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis is a useful method for studying protein-protein interactions. It currently involves electrophoresis and western blotting, which are not optimized for detecting weak and transient interactions. In this protocol we describe an advanced version of co-IP analysis that uses real-time,...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.116
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This protocol describes a directed evolution method for in vitro mutagenesis and recombination of polynucleotide sequences. The staggered extension process (StEP) is essentially a modified PCR that uses highly abbreviated annealing and extension steps to generate staggered DNA fragments and promote crossover events al...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.309
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This protocol describes a culture system in which inner-ear sensory tissue is produced from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under chemically defined conditions. This model is amenable to basic and translational investigations into inner ear biology and regeneration. In this protocol, mouse ES cells are aggregated in 9...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2014.100
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Raman and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) microspectroscopic images of biological material (tissue sections) contain detailed information about their chemical composition. The challenge lies in identifying changes in chemical composition, as well as locating and assigning these changes to different conditions (pathology, ...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.008
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Succinimidyl 3-(di-tert-butyl[(18)F]fluorosilyl)benzoate ([(18)F]SiFB) is a highly reactive prosthetic group for radiolabeling of proteins for use in positron emission tomography (PET). It is similar to N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB), the 'gold-standard' prosthetic group for protein (18)F-labeli...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.110
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glycocalyx comprises glycosylated proteins and lipids and fcorms the outermost layer of cells. It is involved in fundamental inter- and intracellular processes, including non-self-cell and self-cell recognition, cell signaling, cellular structure maintenance, and immune protection. Characterization of the glycocal...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0350-4
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Top-down proteomics (TDP) by mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique by which intact proteins are analyzed. It has become increasingly popDesalting and concentrating GELFrEEular in translational research because of the value of characterizing distinct proteoforms of intact proteins. Compared to bottom-up proteomics (BUP...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-018-0085-7
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unprecedented increase in the throughput of DNA sequencing driven by next-generation technologies now allows efficient analysis of the complete protein-coding regions of genomes (exomes) for multiple samples in a single sequencing run. However, sample preparation and targeted enrichment of multiple samples has bec...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2011.396
更新日期:2011-11-03 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release a variety of membrane vesicles through different formation routes. Knowledge of the structure, molecular cargo and function of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) is primarily obtained from bacteria cultured in laboratory conditions. BEVs in human body fluids have b...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0236-5
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we describe a protocol for advanced CUBIC (Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis). The CUBIC protocol enables simple and efficient organ clearing, rapid imaging by light-sheet microscopy and quantitative imaging analysis of multiple samples. The organ or body is cleared by im...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.085
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in cortical sensory regions receive modality-specific information through synapses that are located on their dendrites. Recently, the use of two-photon microscopy combined with whole-cell recordings has helped to identify visually evoked dendritic calcium signals in mouse visual cortical neurons in vivo. The c...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2010.169
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins are continually produced and degraded, to avoid the accumulation of old or damaged molecules and to maintain the efficiency of physiological processes. Despite its importance, protein turnover has been difficult to measure in vivo. Previous approaches to evaluating turnover in vivo have required custom labeli...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0222-y
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This protocol describes an efficient method to site-specifically label cell-surface or purified proteins with chemical probes in two steps: probe incorporation mediated by enzymes (PRIME) followed by chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In the PRIME step, Escherichia coli lipoic acid...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.096
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This protocol describes a method for direct labeling and detection of small RNAs present in total RNA by splinted ligation. The assay uses a small RNA-specific bridge oligonucleotide to form base pairs with the small RNA and a 5'-end-radiolabeled ligation oligonucleotide. The captured small RNA is directly labeled by ...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.530
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prediction of protein-protein interactions at the structural level on the proteome scale is important because it allows prediction of protein function, helps drug discovery and takes steps toward genome-wide structural systems biology. We provide a protocol (termed PRISM, protein interactions by structural matching) f...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2011.367
更新日期:2011-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Determining enantiomeric excess (e.e.) in chiral compounds is key to development of chiral catalyst auxiliaries and chiral drugs. Here we describe a sensitive and robust fluorescence-based assay for determining e.e. in mixtures of enantiomers of 1,2- and 1,3-diols, chiral amines, amino alcohols, and amino-acid esters....
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0329-1
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most promising viral vectors for human gene therapy. As with any potential therapeutic system, a thorough understanding of it at the in vitro and in vivo levels is required. Over the years, numerous methods have been developed to better characterize AAV vectors. These met...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.207
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cell affinity chromatography, type-specific cell separation is based on the interaction between cell-surface receptors and an immobilized ligand on a stationary matrix. This protocol describes the preparation of monolithic polyacrylamide and polydimethylacrylamide cryogel affinity matrices that can be used as a gen...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2010.135
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An optimized procedure for the efficient preparation of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (Pseudomonas quinolone signal or PQS) and a diverse range of structurally related 2-alkyl-4-quinolones with biological activity is presented. The two-step synthesis begins with the formation of α-chloro ketones by the coupling o...
journal_title:Nature protocols
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.054
更新日期:2012-05-24 00:00:00