Single-cell imaging of HIV-1 provirus (SCIP).

abstract：:Isochorismate synthase (ICS) converts chorismate to isochorismate for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone, an essential cofactor for photosynthetic electron transport. ICS is also required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis during Arabidopsis defense. In several other species, including Populus, SA is derived primarily f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yuan Y,Chung JD,Fu X,Johnson VE,Ranjan P,Booth SL,Harding SA,Tsai CJ

更新日期：2009-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The heat-stable enterotoxin B (STB) of Escherichia coli is a 48-amino acid extracellular peptide that induces rapid fluid accumulation in animal intestinal models. Unlike other E. coli enterotoxins that elicit cAMP or cGMP responses in the gut [heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin A (STA), respectively], STB i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dreyfus LA,Harville B,Howard DE,Shaban R,Beatty DM,Morris SJ

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes mobilization of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells and has been implicated in resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in mouse models. High G-CSF production has been associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Here we show that activation of the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway reg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phan VT,Wu X,Cheng JH,Sheng RX,Chung AS,Zhuang G,Tran C,Song Q,Kowanetz M,Sambrone A,Tan M,Meng YG,Jackson EL,Peale FV,Junttila MR,Ferrara N

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a phylogenetic analysis to determine whether a given tRNA molecule was established in evolution before its cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The earlier appearance of tRNA versus their metabolically related enzymes is a prediction of the RNA world theory, but the available synthetase and tRNA sequences pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ribas de Pouplana L,Turner RJ,Steer BA,Schimmel P

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolution of new enzymatic activities is believed to require a period of gene sharing in which a single enzyme must serve both its original function and a new function that has become advantageous to the organism. Subsequent gene duplication allows one copy to maintain the original function, while the other diverges t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McLoughlin SY,Copley SD

更新日期：2008-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used in vitro selection techniques to characterize DNA sequences that are ligated efficiently by T4 RNA ligase. We find that the ensemble of selected sequences ligated about 10 times as efficiently as the random mixture of sequences used as the input for selection. Surprisingly, the majority of the selected se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harada K,Orgel LE

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Weeds, which have been the bane of agriculture since the beginning of civilization, are managed manually, mechanically, and, more recently, by chemicals. However, chemical control options are rapidly shrinking due to the recent rise in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in crop fields, with few alternatives on th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pandeya D,López-Arredondo DL,Janga MR,Campbell LM,Estrella-Hernández P,Bagavathiannan MV,Herrera-Estrella L,Rathore KS

更新日期：2018-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) introduces single-strand breaks (SSBs) to initiate class switch recombination (CSR), gene conversion (GC), and somatic hypermutation (SHM). CSR is mediated by double-strand breaks (DSBs) at donor and acceptor switch (S) regions, followed by pairing of DSB ends in two S regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabouri S,Kobayashi M,Begum NA,Xu J,Hirota K,Honjo T

更新日期：2014-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout most of pregnancy, uterine quiescence is maintained by increased progesterone receptor (PR) transcriptional activity, whereas spontaneous labor is initiated/facilitated by a concerted series of biochemical events that activate inflammatory pathways and have a negative impact on PR function. In this study, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renthal NE,Chen CC,Williams KC,Gerard RD,Prange-Kiel J,Mendelson CR

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice lacking the beta1-subunit (gene, Kcnmb1; protein, BK-beta1) of the large Ca-activated K channel (BK) are hypertensive. This phenotype is thought to result from diminished BK currents in vascular smooth muscle where BK-beta1 is an ancillary subunit. However, the beta1-subunit is also expressed in the renal connect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grimm PR,Irsik DL,Settles DC,Holtzclaw JD,Sansom SC

更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Although viral genomes can be found in CD14+ monocytes and CD34+ progenitor cells, the primary reservoir for latent cytomegalovirus is unknown. We analyzed human hematopoietic subpopulations infected in vitro with a recombinant vi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodrum FD,Jordan CT,High K,Shenk T

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mus poschiavinus x M. musculus hybrids, which had seven metacentric chromosomes derived from the poschiavinus complement, were repeatedly backcrossed to M. musculus and selected for the chromosome carrying the H-2 complex. A line called T1/Klj was established which had one metacentric chromosome. It was shown by linka...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klein J

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptotagmin (tagmin) is essential for fast, calcium-dependent, neurotransmitter release and is likely to be the calcium sensor for exocytosis, because of its many calcium-dependent properties. Polyphosphoinositides are needed for exocytosis, but it has not been known why. We now...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schiavo G,Gu QM,Prestwich GD,Söllner TH,Rothman JE

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, utilization of galactose requires four inducible enzyme activities. Three of these activities (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, EC 2.7.7.10; uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.2; and galactokinase, EC 2.7.1.6) are specified by three tightly linked genes (GAL7, GAL10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hopper JE,Broach JR,Rowe LB

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TGF-beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), also known as MAPKK kinase-7 (MAP3K7), is a candidate effector of multiple circuits in cardiac biology and disease. Here, we show that inhibition of TAK1 in mice by a cardiac-specific dominant-negative mutation evokes electrophysiological and biochemical properties reminiscent of hu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xie M,Zhang D,Dyck JR,Li Y,Zhang H,Morishima M,Mann DL,Taffet GE,Baldini A,Khoury DS,Schneider MD

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimeric myosins V and VI travel long distances in opposite directions along actin filaments in cells, taking multiple steps in a "hand-over-hand" fashion. The catalytic cycles of both myosins are limited by ADP dissociation, which is considered a key step in the walking mechanism of these motors. Here, we demonstrate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oguchi Y,Mikhailenko SV,Ohki T,Olivares AO,De La Cruz EM,Ishiwata S

更新日期：2008-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the skin in vivo, we have targeted its expression to the epidermis of transgenic mice. To ensure that active TGF-beta 1 was expressed, we used a porcine TGF-beta 1 cDNA with mutations of Cys-223-->Ser and Cys-225-->Ser, which allow constitutive activation. M...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sellheyer K,Bickenbach JR,Rothnagel JA,Bundman D,Longley MA,Krieg T,Roche NS,Roberts AB,Roop DR

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are designing simple peptide ion channels as model systems for the study of the physical principles controlling conduction through ion-channel proteins. Here we report on an uncharged peptide, Ac-(Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu)3-CONH2, designed to form an aggregate of parallel, amphiphilic, membrane-spanning alpha-he...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kienker PK,DeGrado WF,Lear JD

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin recognition complex (ORC) is an essential component of the prereplication complex (pre-RC) in mitotic cell cycles. The role of ORC as a foundation to assemble the pre-RC is conserved from yeast to human. Furthermore, in metazoans ORC plays a key role in determining the timing of replication initiation and o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park SY,Asano M

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation of motor skill memories essentially...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fischer S,Hallschmid M,Elsner AL,Born J

更新日期：2002-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant myeloid leukemic cells and normal macrophages and granulocytes have functional beta-adrenergic receptors, which have been quantitated by radioreceptor binding with the beta-adrenergic antagonist [(3)H]dihydroalprenolol and by induction of cyclic AMP by adrenergic hormones. Both the normal and leukemic cells ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Simantov R,Sachs L

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the use of engineered ribozymes to shuffle exon cassettes in vitro. Specifically, we have designed derivatives of a group II intron that insert into selected sites in the human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA. The insertion reaction links t-PA sequences to the group II intron sequences so that trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mikheeva S,Jarrell KA

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Spiperone, a dopamine antagonist widely used as a specific ligand for dopamine and serotonin receptors, is actively accumulated into the F4C1 strain of rat pituitary tumor cells. The accumulation of 10 nM [3H]spiperone was linear for 3 min and reached a steady state after 10 min. Spiperone accumulation was reduced 50%...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dannies PS,Rudnick MS,Fishkes H,Rudnick G

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Degradable polymers are beginning to play an increasing role as materials for environmental and medical applications. Understanding factors that control erosion, such as bond cleavage and the dissolution and diffusion of degradation products, will be critical to the future development of these materials. Erosion kinet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamada JA,Langer R

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Endoproteolytic processing of the human protein C (HPC) precursor to its mature form involves cleavage of the propeptide after amino acids Lys-2-Arg-1 and removal of a Lys156-Arg157 dipeptide connecting the light and heavy chains. This processing was inefficient in the mammary gland of transgenic mice and pigs. We hyp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Drews R,Paleyanda RK,Lee TK,Chang RR,Rehemtulla A,Kaufman RJ,Drohan WN,Luboń H

更新日期：1995-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzymic activity of crystalline mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) was determined in suspensions of noncrosslinked microcrystals in 30% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol. The crystals (average dimensions, 22 x 5 x 0.8 micron) were small enough to preclude ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirsten H,Gehring H,Christen P

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently described organ culture system for human thymocytes is shown to support the generation of a diverse T-cell receptor repertoire in vitro: thymocytes of the alpha beta lineage, including representatives of the V beta families 5.2/5.3, 6.7, and 8, accounted for the majority of T-cell receptor-positive cells th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merkenschlager M,Fisher AG

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1999, the population of Vancouver Island, Canada, began to experience an outbreak of a fatal fungal disease caused by a highly virulent lineage of Cryptococcus gattii. This organism has recently spread to the Canadian mainland and Pacific Northwest, but the molecular cause of the outbreak remains unknown. Here we s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma H,Hagen F,Stekel DJ,Johnston SA,Sionov E,Falk R,Polacheck I,Boekhout T,May RC

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the roles of IgE antibody in host responses to helminth infection, selective IgE-deficient SJA/9 mice were infected with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which elicits remarkable potentiated IgE production, and Trichinella spiralis, which induces strong anti-Trichinella IgE antibody pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watanabe N,Katakura K,Kobayashi A,Okumura K,Ovary Z

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelia in animals are colonized by complex communities of microbes. Although a topic of long-standing interest, understanding the evolution of the microbial communities and their role in triggering innate immune responses has resisted analysis. Cnidaria are among the simplest animals at the tissue grade of organiza...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraune S,Bosch TC

更新日期：2007-08-07 00:00:00