Abstract：
STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to examine a cohort of cases of childhood cancer occurring in a defined geographical area to try to identify clustering and possible causative factors. DESIGN:Data were analysed using the close pair method developed by Knox for signs of clustering in relation to date and place of onset or date and place of birth. SETTING:Cases were those occurring in the 8 year period between 1953 and 1960 in four old counties of the Midlands of England (Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire). CASES:418 children under 10 years developed cancers during the study period: leukaemia 228, cerebral tumour 99, neuroblastoma 45, nephroblastoma 46. It is thought that data collection was complete. Cases were matched for region, sex and date of birth with live controls. RESULTS:There was evidence among some age groups and diagnoses of an unexpectedly high number of close pairs of onsets, and some indication of similar patterns among births of children who later developed cancer. The pre- and postnatal experiences of children involved in close pairs were examined to see whether they differed from those of control children. Measles appeared to occur more often in the 2-3 years before the onset of leukaemia in children who were later involved in close pairs than in their matched controls. CONCLUSIONS:Common infectious diseases of childhood may play a minor role in the development of some cancers. Epidemics of these diseases may then be reflected on a greatly reduced scale in the subsequent distribution of cancer cases.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Morris Vdoi
10.1136/jech.44.1.55subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-03-01 00:00:00pages
55-8issue
1eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe the situation of the influenza in Portugal through the estimates of the incidence rates and the identification of the viral strains implicated on it during the period 1990-1996. DESIGN:The integrated clinical and laboratory surveillance system for influenza in Portugal is based on the Portuguese...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish the relation between socioeconomic status and the age-sex specific prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hypothesis was that prevalence of type 2 diabetes would be inversely related to socioeconomic status but there would be no association with the prevalence of type 1 diabetes a...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.54.3.173
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health equity is increasingly present as an overarching goal in public health policy frameworks across the globe. Public health actions to support health equity are challenging because solutions to the root causes of health inequities often lie outside of the health sector, and a specific role for environmental public...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2018-210843
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of neighbourhood level socioeconomic status (SES) and convenience store concentration on individual level smoking, after consideration of individual level characteristics. DESIGN:Individual sociodemographic characteristics and smoking were obtained from five cross sectional surveys (19...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.2004.029041
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression is an important contributor to the global burden of disease. Besides several known individual-level factors that contribute to depression, there is a growing recognition that neighbourhood environment can also profoundly affect mental health. This study assessed associations between three neighbou...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2017-209453
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To estimate the relative health effects of the income and health insurance provisions of the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:About 10 000 employees of city contractors are subject to the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance, which establishes an annually adjusted mini...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.2004.028142
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research on ethnic differentials in mortality in England and Wales has focused on immigrants because, until now, studies collecting data on ethnicity have not covered sufficient deaths to investigate the subject. International migrants are selected for good health and tend to have low mortality. METHODS:We ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2012-202265
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk factors associated with fracture of the distal forearm, and to evaluate the influence of falls on these risks. DESIGN:This was a case-control study. SETTING:Manchester, UK. PARTICIPANTS:The cases were 62 white women aged 45-82 years who had sustained a fracture of the distal forearm a...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.50.3.288
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The temporal pattern of effects of summertime ozone (O(3)) in total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were investigated in 21 European cities participating in the APHEA-2 (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) project, which is fundamental in determining the importance of the effect in terms...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1136/jech.2008.084012
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess evidence for residential mobility in childhood having an adverse association with health outcomes through the life course. METHODS:A systematic search of medical and social sciences literature was undertaken to identify research defining residential mobility as an independent variable and in which ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/jech.2007.060103
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short term effect of air pollution on cardiovascular admissions in 14 Spanish cities METHODS:The period under study was from 1995 to 1999. Daily emergency admissions for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and heart diseases (HD) were obtained from hospital records, and the corresponding daily ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1136/jech.2005.037978
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Integrating research and action represents a goal and key principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), but there has been little effort to synthesise the literature to evaluate whether such integration is occurring. OBJECTIVES:(1) To examine the extent to which CBPR integrates action to ef...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/jech.2007.067645
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We examined the associations between socioeconomic trajectories from birth to adulthood and gestational age and birth size in the next generation, using linked data from two population-based birth cohorts carried out in a Brazilian city. By comparing socioeconomic trajectories of mothers and fathers, we atte...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2014-205377
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVES:To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and to determine the role of sexual transmission of HBV infection in Singapore. DESIGN:A cross sectional study of all consecutive men p...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.49.3.309
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this paper is to give an overview and comparison of different easily applicable statistical techniques to analyse recurrent event data. SETTING:These techniques include naive techniques and longitudinal techniques such as Cox regression for recurrent events, generalised estimating equati...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.2004.030759
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Two main theoretical models have been used to assess the impact of psychosocial work factors on blood pressure (BP): the demand-control (DC) model and the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. Previous studies have mostly used a single time point exposure to examine this association. OBJECTIVE:To examine the...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2014-204914
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the associations between frequency of leisure time exercise and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey carried out over a 3 month period in 1984. SETTING:All 24 schools in North Karelia province and 16 randomly selected schools in Kuopio province. PARTICI...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.43.3.228
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:Knowledge about changes in wellbeing during the passage from professional studies to working life is scarce and controversial. This study examined these changes among university graduates with good and poor employment prospects. DESIGN:A longitudinal study with four postal questionnaire surveys of a cl...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.55.11.831
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Incarceration is simultaneously a public health opportunity and a public health concern. We examined the association between maternal/partner incarceration in the year prior to birth and perinatal smoking. METHODS:We pooled 2006-2010 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Risk ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2014-204820
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in a homeless population in London and to assess whether those with suspected disease could be integrated into the existing health care system for further follow up and treatment. DESIGN:Voluntary screening programme based on a questionnaire s...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.49.6.629
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been found for younger and middle-aged individuals, but studies of this relationship in elderly populations are rare. METHODS:In a population-based cohort in southern Germany (KORA S4/F4: 1223 subjects...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.2009.094086
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As the worldwide population has aged, the number of surgical procedures performed on older patients has increased. It is not known whether this increase has been proportional to growth in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the population-adjusted incidence of acute and elective gener...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2019-212283
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Interest in the effects of neighbourhood or local area social characteristics on health has increased in recent years, but to date the existing evidence has not been systematically reviewed. Multilevel or contextual analyses of social factors and health represent a possible reconciliation between two divergent ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/jech.55.2.111
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Innovative strategies beyond the health system are required to reduce the prevalence of smoking. Early child development interventions are examples of interventions that can help set children on positive social and educational trajectories, which in turn may also reduce the prevalence of smoking. The aim of ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.2009.101840
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Most existing studies on maternal employment and childhood overweight/obesity are from the USA. They are predominantly cross-sectional and show a consistent linear association between the two. Less is known about the joint impact of fathers' and mothers' work hours on childhood overweight and obesity. OBJEC...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2018-211132
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a paucity of data on the national population-level effectiveness of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes in high-HIV-prevalence, resource-limited settings. We assessed national PMTCT impact in South Africa (SA), 2010. METHODS:A facility-based survey was conducted using a strat...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2014-204535
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of deprivation, crowding, maternal smoking, and breast feeding on morbidity from wheeze and diarrhoea in the first six months after birth. DESIGN:A geographically located population survey using maternal responses on self completion questionnaires. SETTING:The three health distri...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.52.7.451
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic differences in health are a major challenge for public health. However, realistic estimates to what extent they are modifiable are scarce. This problem can be met through the systematic application of the population attributable fraction (PAF) to socioeconomic health inequalities. METHODS:The ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech-2011-200886
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a randomised controlled trial intensive individual anti-smoking advice given in parallel with hospital antenatal care did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. The belief that retardation of fetal growth caused by maternal smoking occurs in late pregnancy is not well based, and the advice may not have been given ...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 传,古典文章,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.50.3.232
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is effective in reducing the levels of HIV risk-taking behaviour (borrowing and lending of injection equipment, irregular condom use) among injecting drug users (IDUs), and to identify independent predictors of the borrowing of used syringes. D...
journal_title：Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/jech.50.5.534
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
