Abstract：
PURPOSE:To assess the range of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in a healthy group of young adults of South Asian origin; to investigate whether any dietary factors or personal characteristics were related to intersubject variations in MPOD; and to compare the mean MPOD of the South Asian group with the mean MPOD of a white group. METHODS:Heterochromatic flicker photometry was used to measure the macular pigment (MP) levels of 169 healthy volunteers, of which 117 were Asian and 52 were white. In addition, the Asian participants completed a questionnaire pertaining to the various physical, ocular, lifestyle, dietary, and environmental factors that may be associated with MPOD or AMD. RESULTS:The mean MPOD of the Asian subjects was 0.43 ± 0.14. The male participants had a higher mean MPOD than the females (0.47 ± 0.13 vs. 0.41 ± 0.14, P < 0.01). Possible associations also emerged between MPOD and form of refractive correction, and iris color. No MPOD associations were found for the other variables examined in the questionnaire. The mean MPOD of the white subject group was 0.33 ± 0.13, which was significantly lower than the Asian group (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS:This study adds to the currently limited information on MPOD in South Asians, and while a comparison between Asians and Whites was not the main focus here, highly significant differences between these two ethnicities were revealed. This provokes the possibility that South Asian individuals could have a lower risk for AMD, and it warrants further study.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Howells O,Eperjesi F,Bartlett Hdoi
10.1167/iovs.12-10957subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-17 00:00:00pages
2711-9issue
4eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
iovs.12-10957journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Previous studies have shown that adenosine induces relaxation of isolated retinal arterioles mediated by the A2A receptor, but the contributions to tone regulation of adenosine receptors located both in and around the vascular wall have not been studied in detail. METHODS:Porcine retinal arterioles with preser...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-13428
更新日期：2014-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual effects of carbon disulfide exposure were studied in macaque monkeys with measurements of visual thresholds, fluorescein angiography and fundus photography. Five monkeys were exposed by inhalation for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week to 256 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2). The motor dysfunction observed in these monkey...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the potential role that FoxO transcription factors play in modulating resveratrol's protective effects against oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells. METHODS:Primary human or porcine lens epithelial cells (LECs) were treated with resveratrol (RES) 25 μM and incubated under either physiologic (5...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6652
更新日期：2011-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation of saccadic magnitude and vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (VOR) was examined in six monkeys that had undergone a tenectomy of the medial and lateral recti of one eye. After the tenectomy, when the normal eye was patched, a conjugate increase in saccadic magnitude and VOR was observed in both eyes. Subsequent u...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Human adenovirus species D type 19 (HAdV-D19) has been associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a highly inflammatory infection of the ocular surface. Confusion exists regarding the origins of HAdV-D19. The prototype virus (HAdV-D19p) does not cause EKC, while a virus identified later with the ident...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-9656
更新日期：2012-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Oxidative stress seems to be an important factor in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The role of DNA repair mechanisms has also received attention recently in AMD pathogenesis. This case-control study was conducted to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in two DNA repair enzyme ge...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4842
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the importance of lens epithelial cell death in age-related cataract. To determine whether the large percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive lens epithelial cells previously reported in human capsulotomy specimens results from apopto...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flicker contrast sensitivity was tested in the "good" eyes of 13 patients with monocular exudative age-related maculopathy (ARM). The stimulus was a foveal, long-wavelength, low spatial frequency 2.8 degrees circle in an equiluminant (photopic) surround. Two of these ARM-risk eyes have since developed exudative ARM. C...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PURPOSE. To examine the biomechanical deformation of load bearing structures of the optic nerve head (ONH) resulting from raised intracranial pressure, using high definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). The authors postulate that elevated intracranial pressure induces forces in the retrolaminar subarachnoid ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6782
更新日期：2011-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate effects of aging on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and signaling in angular aqueous plexus (AAP) (functional equivalent to human Schlemm's canal) cells subjected to shear stress. METHODS:The AAP cells were isolated differentially from porcine outflow tissues using puromycin ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-14992
更新日期：2014-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a proinflammatory marker, are associated with systemic vascular disorders. In addition, clinical studies have implicated that elevated CRP is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. However, the direct effect of CRP o...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-1387
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoreceptors can segregate inner segment proteins from outer segment proteins. It is uncertain whether such a sorting process occurs during disc morphogenesis in rods, thereby resulting in an outer segment plasma membrane which differs compositionally from the discs. In this study, the plasma membranes of intact, pu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between retinal vascular caliber and AMD in patients with AIDS. Methods:Participants enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS had retinal photographs taken at enrollment. Retinal vascular caliber (central retinal artery equivalent [CRAE] and central re...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-23334
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a pivotal step in filtering bleb scarring. It is mediated by the cytokine TGF-beta, Rho-dependent contractility, and cell-matrix interactions in an interdependent fashion. HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to inhibit Rho-GTP...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-1610
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:7-Ketocholesterol is a highly toxic oxysterol found in abundance in atherosclerotic plaques and is believed to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize 7-ketocholesterol (7kCh) in the primate retina and to examine the potential consequences of its presence ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2373
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine changes in spherical equivalent over a 5-year period in persons 43 to 84 years of age. METHODS:All people 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, in 1988 were invited for a baseline examination (1988-1990) and a 5-year follow-up examination (1993-1995). Refractions were determined...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for prolonging corneal allograft survival by inducing anergy with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). METHODS:A rat model of penetrating keratoplasty, whereby Fisher344 donor corneas are implanted into Lewis recipients, was used...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0845
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paired human donor corneas (age, 73 +/- 12 yr), preserved in organ culture medium, were used to evaluate the effect of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on endothelial wound closure rate (WCR), on morphometric parameters (cell size, shape, and density), and on cell division in the wound area. The endothelium of the...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To further understand alpha2 receptor signaling in the retina and the mechanisms that mediate ocular beneficial effects of brimonidine (an alpha2 agonist) and nimodipine (an L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker). METHODS:The authors used in situ retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the isolated rat retina to characterize...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-4613
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specimens for chlamydial isolation culture and direct fluorescent antibody cytology (DFA) were collected from 1671 women and children from a trachoma-endemic area in Central Tanzania. Trachoma was graded using the new World Health Organization grading scheme, and 54% of the children and 9% of the women had inflammator...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the size variation of the X-chromosomal human red and green visual pigment gene array in the general population using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. METHODS:Peripheral blood lymphocytes were prepared from 67 anonymous males. The cells were embedded in agarose and the genom...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the hypothesis that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) modifies the basolateral membrane chloride conductance of chick retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). METHODS:Placing freshly dissected chick retina-RPE-choroid tissues in a perfusion chamber that allows separate perfusion of its retinal and...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To assess changes in Schlemm's canal (SC), intraocular pressure (IOP), and autonomic nervous system activity in healthy individuals after performing the water-drinking test (WDT). Methods:The SC area (SCAR), trabecular meshwork (TM) thickness, IOP, high frequency (HF) of heart rate variability (HRV), heart rat...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-23909
更新日期：2018-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To search for proprioceptive nerve terminals in human ciliary muscle. METHODS:In 48 human donor eyes, histologic and ultrathin sections cut in different planes and wholemounts of the ciliary muscle were studied. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against pan-neuronal antigens and antigens reported as...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3783
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the neuroprotective effects of ketorolac administration, in solution or delivered from biodegradable microspheres, on the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS:Retinas were treated intravitreally with a single injection of tromethamine ketorolac solution and/or with ketorolac-...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18213
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To improve the transparency of the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and investigate the optical, mechanical and histologic properties and biocompatibility of transparent ADM (TADM) in lamellar keratoplasty. Methods:A stepwise sectioning strategy was applied to determine the transparency distribution of the ADM, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.1.5
更新日期：2020-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the distribution of lesions associated with age-related maculopathy by location in the macula in a population of adult Americans. METHODS:Four thousand nine hundred twenty-six persons ranging in age from 43 to 84 years and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, at the time of a census (1987-1988) were ex...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Downregulation of melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs), against which natural cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exist in humans, is one of the mechanisms that aids in evasion of immune surveillance. In view of putative re-expression strategies for MAAs during immunotherapy, this study was conducted to investigate M...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0961
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The protein RPE65 plays a critical role in retinoid processing in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Previous studies have identified the RPE65 mRNA in salamander cones, but not in rods. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether RPE65 is expressed at the protein level in mammalian cones, as w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
