Abstract：
:Heart failure (HF) often presents as dyspnea either with exertion and/or recumbency. Patients also experience dependent swelling and fatigue. Measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) identifies HF patients who may respond to pharmacologic therapy and/or electrophysiologic device implantation. Angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone inhibitors can significantly lower the mortality and morbidity of HF in patients with an LVEF less than 35%. Cardiac defibrillators and biventricular pacemakers can also improve outcomes in selected patients with a decreased LVEF. The authors provide a guide for therapeutic decisions based on the inclusion criteria of the major clinical trials.
journal_name
Prim Carejournal_title
Primary careauthors
Nicklas JM,Bleske BE,Van Harrison R,Hogikyan RV,Kwok Y,Chavey WEdoi
10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
17-42issue
1eissn
0095-4543issn
1558-299Xpii
S0095-4543(12)00106-6journal_volume
40pub_type
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