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Individual and environmental factors influencing questionable development among low-income children: differential impact during infancy versus early childhood.

Abstract：

PURPOSE:From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months). METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development. RESULTS:Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources. CONCLUSION:Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

journal_name

J Korean Acad Nurs

journal_title

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

authors

Lee G,McCreary L,Kim MJ,Park CG,Yang S

doi

10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.1039

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1039-49

issue

eissn

2005-3673

issn

2093-758X

pii

2012121039

journal_volume

pub_type

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Individual and environmental factors influencing questionable development among low-income children: differential impact during infancy versus early childhood.