Abstract：
:Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that is characterized by the behavioral traits of impaired social cognition and communication, and repetitive and/or obsessive behavior and interests. Although there are many theories and speculations about the pathogenetic causes of autism, the disruption of the serotonergic system is one of the most consistent and well-replicated findings. Recently, it has been reported that placenta-derived serotonin is the main source in embryonic day (E) 10-15 mouse forebrain, after that period, the serotonergic fibers start to supply serotonin into the forebrain. E 10-15 is the very important developing period, when cortical neurogenesis, migration and initial axon targeting are processed. Since all these events have been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of autism and they are highly controlled by serotonin signals, the paucity of placenta-derived serotonin should have potential importance when the pathogenesis of autism is considered. I, thus, postulate a hypothesis that placenta-derived hypo-serotonin situations in the developing forebrain cause autism. The hypothesis is as follows. Various factors, such as inflammation, dysfunction of the placenta, together with genetic predispositions cause a decrease of placenta-derived serotonin levels. The decrease of placenta-derived serotonin levels leads to hypo-serotonergic situations in the forebrain of the fetus. The paucity of serotonin in the forebrain leads to mis-wiring in important regions which are responsible for the theory of mind. The paucity of serotonin in the forebrain also causes over-growth of serotonergic fibers. These disturbances result in network deficiency and aberration of the serotonergic system, leading to the autistic phenotypes.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Sato Kdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-04-01 00:00:00pages
368-72issue
4eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(13)00006-6journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Arthritis is inflammation in a joint often with joint damage, usually accompanied by pain, swelling and stiffness, resulting from infection, trauma, degenerative changes, metabolic disturbances, autoimmune or other causes. It occurs in various forms, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bacterial arthritis ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.06.021
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A primary goal in antimicrobial drug design is to find molecules which inhibit key proteins in bacteria without affecting mammalian homologues. To this aim, structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzyme proteins involved in life processes are widely exploited. The membrane-bound enzyme complex ATP s...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.004
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation and the genes, molecules, and biological pathways that lead to inflammatory processes influence many important and disparate biological processes and disease states that are quite often not generally considered classical inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. These include development, reproduction, aging,...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.02.019
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local-regional relapse is the main recurrence pattern of the carcinoma in gut, and leads to poor prognosis. With the development of the total mesorectal and complete mesocolic excision (TME/CME), the local relapse rate of colorectal cancer has significantly decreased. People attributed it to the improvement of lymphad...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.013
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contribution of various modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been the subject of recent intensive debate. The predominant route of the viral transmission is via exhaled droplets of different sizes which can be inhaled by nearby exposed individuals or deposited on peoples and surfaces. Touching contaminated surf...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110261
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasticity of adult cells has been identified in several post-natal tissues in the past few years and has attracted special attention in regenerative medicine. Skin is the biggest organ in the body. Adult skin consists of epidermis, dermis and appendages such as hairs and glands which are linked to the epidermis but p...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.022
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The "small-for-size" syndrome and "post-hepatectomy liver failure" refers to the development of liver failure (hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, encephalopathy and refractory ascites) resulting from the reduction of liver mass beyond a certain threshold. This complication is associated with a high mortality and is a m...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.028
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of liver and its incidence continues to increase worldwide. HCC is a disease with multifactorial causes and genetic variability has been discussed as a risk factor for its development. Liver is a hormone-sensitive organ and therefore is influenced by gona...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.030
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerations are given to special features of the nuclear envelope that might occasion segmental exchange between sister chromatids. The underlying dynamics may lead to illegal apposition of originally distant sequences and/or to modulations in the topologic orientation of genes on chromatid segments involved in suc...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90003-h
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac chambers have afferent connections to the brainstem and to the spinal cord. Vagal afferents mediate depressor responses and become activated by volume expansion, increased myocardial contractility and atrial natriuretic factor. Sympathetic afferents, on the contrary, are activated by metabolic mediators, myoca...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0029
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dupuytren's disease is a pathological condition of the palmar fascia characterized by the formation of contractile disease cords that result in permanent finger contracture. This condition is believed to progress from a myofibroblast-rich nodule in the early clinical stages of the disease to a contractile disease cord...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.009
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesised that antiallergic medications (AAMs) like montelukast and levocetirizine both the two bitter chloro compounds could be repurposed either alone or combinedly as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ), another two bitter chloro compounds. Both AAMs and CQ/H...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110046
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a striking resemblance, in amino-acid composition and properties, between one class of structural glycoproteins from connective tissue and the apo low density lipoproteins (LDL) of blood plasma. It is suggested that there is a structurally specific analogy between the early atherogenic accumulation of LDL (an...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(76)90039-6
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiologic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is insufficient for the development of KS. It was speculated that another sexually transmitted infection is responsible for the markedly increa...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90051-y
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well documented that depressed patients, as a result of their illness, often experience some difficulties with their memory. This hypothesis suggests a vice-versa; that it is a gradual impairment and ultimate failure of specific memory systems that may underpin the onset and continuation of a depressive illness....
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.01.046
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies using a combination of isotope and balance techniques have shown that, in the postabsorptive state, the human kidney contributes substantially to overall glucose production and consumption. The kidney may contribute as much as the liver to gluconeogenesis and play an important role in the counterregulat...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1997.0655
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The function of the gallbladder is questioned in a hypothesis postulating that all bile which enters this reservoir is totally absorbed to the liver and none of it flows back to the cystic duct and duodenum. Cholecystokinesis is believed to increase and maintain a gradient of intravesical pressure which increases the ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(86)90006-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AIDS dementia complex and peripheral neuropathy in AIDS are considered to be direct or indirect manifestations of HIV infection, yet the pathogenesis in unclear. There are parallels between AIDS and Tangier disease clinically and histopathologically and in lipid metabolism. The neurological disorders in AIDS may b...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90085-s
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a severe insult with a high mortality rate, and emergent surgical evacuation is recommended in the vast majority of such cases. Generally, resolution of the hemorrhage requires weeks and months in patients treated conservatively. However, numerous cases of rapid spontaneous resolution...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.019
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reconciling the early promising results of radiation therapy in the treatment of epilepsy with the recent theory concerning the role of nonsynaptic mechanisms in focal epileptogenesis, it is suggested that the potential of irradiation as an alternative to temporal lobe resection in intractable epilepsy should be re-ev...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90102-4
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer cells have a greater need for energy and a ready supply of the building blocks necessary for the synthesis of macromolecules (nucleotides, protein, lipids) in order to duplicate genome and biomass. The hypothesis can be postulated that those precursors for synthetic processes, which can only be furnished by gly...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.002
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevailing view of lung cancer is multi-step progression of normal cells into cancer cells through gain of function oncogenes coupled with loss of tumor suppressor genes. This progression of genetic damage ultimately results in the hallmarks of cancer. This theory has strong support from studies finding genetic da...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.12.050
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid peroxidation has been shown to both enhance carcinogenesis and to have an anticarcinogenic effect. This paradox is of great relevance to the fields of free radical biology, biochemistry, pathology, nutrition and oncology among others and needs to be addressed. A proper understanding of this issue can be a key to...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90120-6
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We suggest that polymyalgia rheumatica with giant cell arteritis (PR-GCA) is an arachidonic acid metabolites mediated disease which can be diagnosed more accurately and monitored more precisely for therapeutic benefits by the serial determinations of the major urinary prostaglandin F, serum urinary lysozymes, serum ac...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(81)90059-1
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe here a new technique for analyzing human growth curves using a first order kinetic representation. Plotting in ([h infinity-ht)/h infinity] vs time (where h infinity and ht represent the final and instantaneous heights) transforms growth curves into 3 linear phases and 2 interphases. These growth parameter...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90073-8
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ovarian cancer has a different prognosis between early (I and II) and advanced stage (III and IV). The mechanism of disease progression is unknown, but patients with advanced disease may have a higher propensity for seeding of the abdominal cavity early in the disease process than those with early stage. The...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.027
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamins are indispensable nutrients for metabolism. Adequate vitamin intake plays vital role in physiological processes including embryonic development, cellular and immunity proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis and oxidative response. In contrast, insufficient vitamin levels usually lead to a large numbe...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109448
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypothesis is proposed here to reconcile the inconsistencies observed in the IQ-P3 latency relation. The hypothesis stems from the observation that task-induced increase in P3 latency correlates positively with IQ scores. It is hypothesised that: (a) there are several parallel information processing pathways of vary...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0979
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are two deadly neuromuscular degenerative diseases of childhood. Knowledge on their pathophysiological mechanisms may direct us towards treatment or a cure. Although these diseases are caused by two totally different gene-mutations and cause ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109589
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author, in an attempt to clarify whether the rise of alternative medicine is a phenomenon characteristic of our time or whether it existed in the past as well, has identified at least three alternative medicines, which developed in ancient Rome, ancient India and in the medieval Islamic world. The circumstances le...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1061
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
