Abstract:
UNLABELLED:WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: The various phenotypes of hypospadias may result from disturbances of dissimilar embryonic processes in different time windows, suggesting aetiological heterogeneity; however, only a few studies have investigated the risk factors for the different hypospadias phenotypes. The study confirmed that genetic predisposition possibly plays a role in anterior and middle hypospadias, as shown by the large effect estimates for familial occurrence of these forms of hypospadias. By contrast, the posterior phenotype was more often associated with pregnancy-related factors, such as primiparity, preterm delivery, and being small for gestational age. New findings were that hormone-containing contraceptive use after conception increased the risk of middle and posterior hypospadias, while multiple pregnancies were associated with the posterior form in particular. OBJECTIVE:To identify specific risk factors for different phenotypes of hypospadias that may arise as a result of dissimilar embryonic processes in different time windows. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A total of 405 hypospadias cases and 627 male controls were included in a Dutch case-control study. Medical records of cases were reviewed to determine the anatomical location of the urethral opening, while demographic, lifestyle and pregnancy-related risk factor data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Multivariable and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to calculate effect estimates for the group containing all cases of hypospadias and for the different hypospadias phenotypes. RESULTS:Cases were subdivided into anterior (glandular and coronal; 59%), middle (penile; 29%) and posterior (penoscrotal, scrotal and perineal; 12%) hypospadias. Being a twin/triplet, primiparity, preterm delivery, and being small for gestational age were associated with hypospadias, particularly in posterior cases. Family history of hypospadias increased the risk of hypospadias, an effect that seemed to be more predominant in anterior and middle forms. Maternal obesity seemed to increase the risk of hypospadias in general, and hormone-containing contraceptive use during pregnancy especially increased the risk of middle and posterior hypospadias. CONCLUSIONS:Our study provides some indications for aetiological heterogeneity of hypospadias, separating anterior and middle phenotypes from posterior hypospadias. Future research should continue to try to establish which specific risk factors and mechanisms may differ according to hypospadias phenotype.
journal_name
BJU Intjournal_title
BJU internationalauthors
van Rooij IA,van der Zanden LF,Brouwers MM,Knoers NV,Feitz WF,Roeleveld Ndoi
10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11745.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-01 00:00:00pages
121-8issue
1eissn
1464-4096issn
1464-410Xjournal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy plus intracorporeal lithotripsy (ULT) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treating distal ureteric calculi in childhood, as such stones are commonly treated by ESWL as the first option in adults but there is no agreement on the method of tre...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05464.x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/bju.14462
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.13515
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08040.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09822.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05741.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00898.x
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00254.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10164.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06728.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09787.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09211.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00390.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/bju.14849
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10922.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The suppressor effect of probiotics on superficial bladder cancer is an observed phenomenon but the specific mechanism is poorly understood. The evidence strongly suggests natural killer (NK) cells are the anti-tumour effector cells involved and NK cell activit...
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doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10749.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00151.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.14851
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journal_title:BJU international
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doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10115.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.14569
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.15051
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09689.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review our experience in the management of secondary pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) comparing endopyelotomy with pyeloplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We retrospectively analysed our database of 58 patients having undergone operative management of PUJO after failed primary management, including 41...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bju.12454
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08498.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the sensitivity of the direct radionuclide cystogram (DRC) in detecting vesico-ureteric reflux compared with the micturating cysto-urethrogram (MCU) in the same initial setting, in infants younger than one year. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The results from the dual cystograms of 62 refluxing infants < ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.00997.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: In renal cell carcinoma the role of lymphadenectomy (LND) is still controversial. Moreover, no firm consensus exists regarding the minimum number of lymph nodes that should be removed to obtain a satisfactory staging LND at the time of surgery. Our f...
journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11313.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BJU international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08038.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08379.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08848.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00