Membrane-integral pyrophosphatase subfamily capable of translocating both Na+ and H+.

Abstract:

:One of the strategies used by organisms to adapt to life under conditions of short energy supply is to use the by-product pyrophosphate to support cation gradients in membranes. Transport reactions are catalyzed by membrane-integral pyrophosphatases (PPases), which are classified into two homologous subfamilies: H(+)-transporting (found in prokaryotes, protists, and plants) and Na(+)-transporting (found in prokaryotes). Transport activities have been believed to require specific machinery for each ion, in accordance with the prevailing paradigm in membrane transport. However, experiments using a fluorescent pH probe and (22)Na(+) measurements in the current study revealed that five bacterial PPases expressed in Escherichia coli have the ability to simultaneously translocate H(+) and Na(+) into inverted membrane vesicles under physiological conditions. Consistent with data from phylogenetic analyses, our results support the existence of a third, dual-specificity bacterial Na(+),H(+)-PPase subfamily, which apparently evolved from Na(+)-PPases. Interestingly, genes for Na(+),H(+)-PPase have been found in the major microbes colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract. The Na(+),H(+)-PPases require Na(+) for hydrolytic and transport activities and are further activated by K(+). Based on ionophore effects, we conclude that the Na(+) and H(+) transport reactions are electrogenic and do not result from secondary antiport effects. Sequence comparisons further disclosed four Na(+),H(+)-PPase signature residues located outside the ion conductance channel identified earlier in PPases using X-ray crystallography. Our results collectively support the emerging paradigm that both Na(+) and H(+) can be transported via the same mechanism, with switching between Na(+) and H(+) specificities requiring only subtle changes in the transporter structure.

authors

Luoto HH,Baykov AA,Lahti R,Malinen AM

doi

10.1073/pnas.1217816110

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-01-22 00:00:00

pages

1255-60

issue

4

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

1217816110

journal_volume

110

pub_type

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