Abstract:
:A striking feature of mammalian genomes is the paucity of the CG dinucleotide. There are approximately 20,000 regions termed CpG islands where CGs cluster. This represents 5% of all CGs and 1% of the genome. CpG islands are typically unmethylated and are often promoters for housekeeping genes. The remaining 95% of CG dinucleotides are disposed throughout 99% of the genome and are typically methylated and found in half of all promoters. CG methylation facilitates binding of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, proteins critical for differentiation of many tissues. This allows these proteins to localize in the methylated CG poor regions of the genome where they may produce advantageous changes in gene expression at nearby or more distant regions of the genome. In this review, our growing understanding of the consequences of CG methylation will be surveyed.
journal_name
Epigenomicsjournal_title
Epigenomicsauthors
Vinson C,Chatterjee Rdoi
10.2217/epi.12.55subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
655-63issue
6eissn
1750-1911issn
1750-192Xjournal_volume
4pub_type
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