Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Alternative splicing is often subjected to complex regulatory control that involves many protein factors and cis-acting RNA sequence elements. One major challenge is to identify all of the protein players and define how they control alternative expression of a particular exon in a combinatorial manner. The Muscleblind-like (MBNL) and CUG-BP and ELAV-Like family (CELF) proteins are splicing regulatory proteins, which function as antagonists in the regulation of several alternative exons. Currently only a limited number of common targets of MBNL and CELF are known that are antagonistically regulated by these two groups of proteins. RESULTS:Recently, we identified neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) exon 23a as a novel target of negative regulation by CELF proteins. Here we report that MBNL family members are positive regulators of this exon. Overexpression of MBNL proteins promote exon 23a inclusion in a low MBNL-expressing cell line, and simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of MBNL1 and MBNL2 family members in a high MBNL-expressing cell line promotes exon 23a skipping. Importantly, these two groups of proteins antagonize each other in regulating inclusion of exon 23a. Furthermore, we analyzed the binding sites of these proteins in the intronic sequences upstream of exon 23a by UV cross-linking assays. We show that in vitro, in addition to the previously identified preferred binding sequence UGCUGU, the MBNL proteins need the neighboring sequences for optimal binding. CONCLUSION:This study along with our previous work that demonstrated roles for Hu, CELF, and TIA-1 and TIAR proteins in the regulation of NF1 exon 23a establish that this exon is under tight, complex control.
journal_name
BMC Mol Bioljournal_title
BMC molecular biologyauthors
Fleming VA,Geng C,Ladd AN,Lou Hdoi
10.1186/1471-2199-13-35subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-10 00:00:00pages
35issn
1471-2199pii
1471-2199-13-35journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), whose expression declines during aging in rat liver, has been proposed as an important aging marker. Besides apoptosis, SMP30 also protects cells against various other injuries by enhancement of membrane calcium-pump activity. The mechanism of this differential gene expr...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-43
更新日期:2008-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many studies of the eukaryotic transcription mechanism and its regulation rely on in vitro assays. Conventional RNA polymerase II transcription assays are based on radioactive labelling of the newly synthesized RNA. Due to the inefficient in vitro transcription, the detection of the RNA involving purificatio...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-15-7
更新日期:2014-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Myocyte stress 1 (MS1) is a striated muscle actin binding protein required for the muscle specific activity of the evolutionary ancient myocardin related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional pathway. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern skelet...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-50
更新日期:2008-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The challenge of determining amplification efficiency has long been a predominant aspect of implementing real-time qPCR, playing a critical role in the accuracy and reliability that can be achieved. Based upon analysis of amplification profile position, standard curves are currently the gold standard for amp...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-96
更新日期:2008-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Visceral leishmaniasis caused by members of the Leishmania donovani complex is often fatal in the absence of treatment. Research has been hampered by the lack of good laboratory models and tools for genetic manipulation. In this study, we have characterised a L. infantum line (JPCM5) that was isolated from a...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-7-42
更新日期:2006-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:SRY is the pivotal gene initiating male sex determination in most mammals, but how its expression is regulated is still not understood. In this study we derived novel SRY 5' flanking genomic sequence data from bovine and caprine genomic BAC clones. RESULTS:We identified four intervals of high homology upstr...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-85
更新日期:2008-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:hAT elements and V(D)J recombination may have evolved from a common ancestral transposable element system. Extrachromosomal, circular forms of transposable elements (referred to here as episomal forms) have been reported yet their biological significance remains unknown. V(D)J signal joints, which resemble e...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-108
更新日期:2009-12-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury models are widely studied, especially through gene expression, either to further understand implied biological mechanisms or to assess the efficiency of potential therapies. A large number of biological pathways are affected in brain trauma models, whose elucidation might greatly benef...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-62
更新日期:2008-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Real-time RT-PCR is the recommended method for quantitative gene expression analysis. A compulsory step is the selection of good reference genes for normalization. A few genes often referred to as HouseKeeping Genes (HSK), such as ACT1, RDN18 or PDA1 are among the most commonly used, as their expression is a...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-99
更新日期:2009-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although much is known about molecular mechanisms that prevent re-initiation of DNA replication on newly replicated DNA during a single cell cycle, knowledge is sparse regarding the regions that are most susceptible to re-replication when those mechanisms are bypassed and regarding the extents to which check...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-8-119
更新日期:2007-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Small proline rich protein (SPRR) 2A is one of 14 SPRR genes that encodes for a skin cross-linking protein, which confers structural integrity to the cornified keratinocyte cell envelope. New evidence, however, shows that SPRR2A is also a critical stress and wound repair modulator: it enables a variety of ba...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-13-20
更新日期:2012-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are found in many organisms, in which they contribute to several important biological processes. The vertebrate alpha-CA family consists of 16 subfamilies, three of which (VIII, X and XI) consist of acatalytic proteins. These are named carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs), an...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-25
更新日期:2010-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-protein-coding RNA species that have a regulatory function in modulating protein translation and degradation of specific mRNAs. MicroRNAs are estimated to target approximately 60% of all human mRNAs and are associated with the regulation of all physiological processes. Simila...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12867-016-0057-9
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The selection of stable and suitable reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a crucial prerequisite for reliable gene expression analysis under different experimental conditions. The present study aimed to identify reference genes as internal controls for gene expression studies by RT-qPC...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-13-22
更新日期:2012-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gene conversion depends upon the same factors that carry out more general process of homologous recombination, including homologous gene targeting and recombinational repair. Among these are the RAD51 paralogs, conserved factors related to the key recombination factor, RAD51. In chicken and other fowl, gene ...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-98
更新日期:2009-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When estimating relative transcript abundances by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) we found that the results can vary dramatically depending on the method chosen for data analysis. RESULTS:Analyses of Q-PCR results from a salmon louse starvation experiment show that, even with apparently good raw data, di...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-6-10
更新日期:2005-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sequence periodicity with a period close to the DNA helical repeat is a very basic genomic property. This genomic feature was demonstrated for many prokaryotic genomes. The Escherichia coli sequences display the period close to 11 base pairs. RESULTS:Here we demonstrate that practically only ApA/TpT dinucle...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-5-14
更新日期:2004-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is not clear how foreign DNA molecules insert into the host genome. Recently, we have produced transgenic mice to investigate the role of the fad2 gene in the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Here we describe an integration mechanism of fad2 transgene by homologous illegitimate random integratio...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-58
更新日期:2010-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Core canonical histones are required in the S phase of the cell cycle to pack newly synthetized DNA, therefore the expression of their genes is highly activated during DNA replication. In mammalian cells, this increment is achieved by both enhanced transcription and 3' end processing. In this paper, we descr...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12867-018-0110-y
更新日期:2018-07-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Invitrogen Gateway technology exploits the integrase/att site-specific recombination system for directional cloning of PCR products and the subsequent subcloning into destination vectors. One or three DNA segments can be cloned using Gateway or MultiSite Gateway respectively. A vast number of single-site Gat...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-7-46
更新日期:2006-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:ALL1-fused from chromosome 1q (AF1q), originally considered as an oncogenic factor, has been implicated in neuronal development; however, its upstream regulatory mechanisms in neural system remained elusive. RESULTS:Our study showed that REST (RE1 silencing transcription factor), a key transcription factor ...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12867-015-0043-7
更新日期:2015-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cryptochromes (CRYs) are a class of flavoprotein blue-light signaling receptors found in plants and animals, and they control plant development and the entrainment of circadian rhythms. They also act as integral parts of the central circadian oscillator in humans and other animals. In mammals, the CLOCK-BMAL...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-69
更新日期:2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress can induce cell injury in vascular endothelial cells, which is the initial event in the development of atherosclerosis. Although quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in gene expression studies in oxidative stress injuries, using carefully validated ...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12867-017-0086-z
更新日期:2017-04-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Members of the Sox gene family isolated from both vertebrates and invertebrates have been proved to participate in a wide variety of developmental processes, including sex determination and differentiation. Among these members, Sox30 had been considered to exist only in mammals since its discovery, and its e...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-98
更新日期:2010-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:RA (retinoic acid) signal pathway has been proved to be required for germ cell meiotic initiation in mammals, aves and amphibians. Stra8 (Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) is an important factor in RA signal pathway. However, the role of RA and Stra8 in germ cell meiotic initiation in teleosts is poorly ch...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-14-11
更新日期:2013-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We reported previously that the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) promoter drives cardiac-specific expression of reporter genes in cardiac muscle cells and in transgenic mice, and that disruption of GATA elements inactivates the cTnI promoter in cultured cardiomyocytes. We have now examined the role of cTnI promoter...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-8-78
更新日期:2007-09-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among the three functions of DNA, mammalian replication and transcription can be subject to epigenetic imprinting specified by the parental origin of chromosomes, and although there is suggestive indication that this is also true for meiotic recombination, no definitive evidence has yet been reported. RESUL...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-10-43
更新日期:2009-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Y chromosome of mammals is particularly prone to accumulate genes related to male fertility. However, the high rate of molecular evolution on this chromosome predicts reduced power to the across-species comparative approach in identifying male-specific genes that are essential for sperm production in hum...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-33
更新日期:2010-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The majority of protein isoforms arise from alternative splicing of the encoding primary RNA transcripts. To understand the significance of single splicing events, reliable techniques are needed to determine their incidence. However, existing methods are labour-intensive, error-prone or of limited use. RESU...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12867-016-0060-1
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physiological long term adaptation of pancreatic beta cells is driven by stimuli such as glucose and incretin hormones acting via cAMP (e.g. GLP-1) and involves regulated gene expression. Several rapidly inducible immediate-early genes (IEGs) have been identified in beta cells. Many of these IEGs code for tr...
journal_title:BMC molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2199-8-54
更新日期:2007-06-22 00:00:00