Abstract：
:In our previous study, it was found that linoleoyl ethanolamide (LE) is present in sake lees, which are produced as a byproduct during the making of Japanese sake. LE is a fatty acid ethanolamide, which have been demonstrated to exert a variety of biological functions, and in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of LE were examined using in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal experiments. In mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, LE suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. In addition, LE inhibited LPS-induced increases in the levels of cyclooxygenase enzyme-2 and prostaglandin E(2), which are indicators of inflammation. The inhibitory effect of LE on the release of TNF-α was stronger than that of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, which is widely used in external human skin care treatments. LE also suppressed the LPS-induced activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. In a contact dermatitis animal model, applying LE to affected ear skin ameliorated 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at inflamed sites. These results indicate that LE exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling, and LE is proposed to be a useful therapeutic agent against contact dermatitis.
journal_name
Eur J Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of pharmacologyauthors
Ishida T,Nishiumi S,Tanahashi T,Yamasaki A,Yamazaki A,Akashi T,Miki I,Kondo Y,Inoue J,Kawauchi S,Azuma T,Yoshida M,Mizuno Sdoi
10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.030subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-15 00:00:00pages
6-13issue
1-3eissn
0014-2999issn
1879-0712pii
S0014-2999(12)00961-2journal_volume
699pub_type
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