Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We characterize cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid (OF) after dronabinol, synthetic oral Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Sativex, a cannabis-extract oromucosal spray, and evaluate whether smoked cannabis relapse or Sativex compliance can be identified with OF cannabinoid monitoring. METHODS:5 and 15 mg synthetic oral THC, low (5.4 mg THC, 5.0 mg cannabidiol (CBD)) and high (16.2 mg THC, 15.0 mg CBD) dose Sativex, and placebo were administered in random order (n=14). Oral fluid specimens were collected for 10.5 h after dosing and analyzed for THC, CBD, cannabinol (CBN), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). RESULTS:After oral THC, OF THC concentrations decreased over time from baseline, reflecting residual THC excretion from previously self-administered smoked cannabis. CBD and CBN also were rarely detected. After Sativex, THC, CBD and CBN increased greatly, peaking at 0.25-1 h. Median CBD/THC and CBN/THC ratios were 0.82-1.34 and 0.04-0.06, respectively, reflecting cannabinoids' composition in Sativex. THCCOOH/THC ratios within 4.5 h post Sativex were ≤ 1.6 pg/ng, always lower than after oral THC and placebo. THCCOOH/THC ratios increased throughout each dosing session. CONCLUSIONS:Lack of measurable THC, CBD and CBN in OF following oral THC, and high OF CBD/THC ratios after Sativex distinguish oral and sublingual drug delivery routes from cannabis smoking. Low THCCOOH/THC ratios suggest recent Sativex and smoked cannabis exposure. These data indicate that OF cannabinoid monitoring can document compliance with Sativex pharmacotherapy, and identify relapse to smoked cannabis during oral THC medication but not Sativex treatment, unless samples were collected shortly after smoking.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Lee D,Karschner EL,Milman G,Barnes AJ,Goodwin RS,Huestis MAdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
68-76issue
1-3eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(12)00411-5journal_volume
130pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is an efficacious form of medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), yet many individuals on MMT relapse. Chronic pain and deficits in positive affective response to natural rewards may result in dysphoria that fuels opioid craving and promotes relapse. A...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.07.007
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1974 we started a follow-up of patients with different psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD) according to DSM-III; 2082 cases out of 2127 were analyzed; 1370 patients had taken legal drugs (i.e. prescription drugs and/or over-the-counter drugs); 444 patients suffered from abuse or dependence of legal drugs al...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(92)90035-b
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study explored the judgments individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) make regarding the authenticity of enjoyment smiles and masking smiles containing traces of negative emotions. Accuracy at identifying the masked negative emotions were also examined. Eye-movements were recorded to observe relatio...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107842
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical trials reveal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) improvement leads to decreased substance use among patients with comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Using administrative medical record data, we determined whether clinically meaningful PTSD Checklist (PCL) (≥20 points) score decreases were posi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108365
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol use is risky for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment is underutilized in these populations. Comorbid drug use disorders (DUD) are common, but their influence on AUD treatment receipt is understudied. We ev...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.008
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent changes in the legality of cannabis have prompted evaluation of whether blood levels of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites could be used to substantiate impairment, particularly related to behavioral tasks such as driving. However, because marked tolerance develops to behavioral effect...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.696
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has increased in older individuals in the recent decade, there are few programs to mitigate that increase. The current analyses evaluate the feasibility of applying to older drinkers elements of an approach to prevent heavier drinking in young adults by...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.030
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 72 social drinkers between the ages of 20 and 57 years participated in an ad lib social drinking session. At various intervals throughout the session participants provided estimates of their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) along with breath samples for objective determination of their BAC. Participants we...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(87)90089-5
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Only in recent years have longitudinal studies of adolescents diagnosed alcohol use disorders and these have not distinguished between abuse and dependence. This study describes the course of disorder from age 18 to age 25 for abuse and dependence and investigates the extent to which continuities in disorder...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.06.006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sites of action of naloxone and the possible interaction between supraspinally and spinally administered naloxone in precipitating withdrawal jumping were investigated by comparing the ED50 value and central nervous system (CNS) content of naloxone after three different administration routes in morphine-dependent ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)80009-4
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some US payers are starting to vary payment to providers depending on patient outcomes, but this approach is rarely used in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. PURPOSE:We examine the feasibility of applying a pay-for-outcomes approach to SUD treatment. METHODS:We reviewed several relevant literatures: ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107735
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Contingency management (CM), despite the evidence base for its effectiveness, remains controversial, with sub-optimal implementation. In 2007, UK guidelines recommended the use of CM in publicly funded services, but uptake has also been minimal. Previous surveys of service providers suggest differences in op...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.016
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate general and cannabis-specific parenting practices in relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use. METHODS:Data were derived from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use among students (N=3209; aged 12-16 years) and one of their parents in 2011. RESULTS:Logistic regression ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.014
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several phenylethylamines are under consideration for international control. The effects of repeated administration of these compounds, including tolerance, physical dependence and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, are reviewed here. The compounds can be divided into two major chemical groups: those with substitu...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90005-0
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although opioid withdrawal ratings are frequently used as primary outcomes for therapeutic trials, there has been limited empirical examination of opioid withdrawal symptom onset or etiology as an outcome, and also little examination of differences in outcomes between patient-reported and observer-ratings of withdrawa...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108212
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the growing prevalence of prescription opioid dependence, longitudinal studies have not examined long-term treatment response. The current study examined outcomes over 42 months in the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS). METHODS:POATS was a multi-site clinical trial lasting up to ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.030
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In laboratory animals, augmentation of GABA neurotransmission results in inhibition of cocaine self-administration and inhibition of reinstatement to cocaine-seeking behaviors. If parallel effects were observed in humans, GABA-ergic medication should be effective both in the abstinence-induction as well as i...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.009
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The oral administration of single doses (0.5-6.0 g/kg) of ethanol to rats, shortly before injecting them with a large dose (3.0 mg base/kg) of epinephrine subcutaneously, significantly reduced the severity of the myocardial damage produced by the epinephrine. The larger the dose of ethanol, the greater was the protect...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(77)90041-2
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hazardous drinking is prevalent among college students, yet few seek treatment. Anxiety sensitivity AS is one factor with relevance to drinking. Yet, there are no known estimates of the prevalence of elevated AS among hazardous drinkers. The current study sought to estimate the prevalence of elevated AS among hazardou...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107922
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has three foci. First, it examines the developing area of clinical sociology. Second, it demonstrates how, in reality, deviants in general and drug addicts in particular should be treated using theories of deviance and symbolic interactionism. The treatment itself is based on group experiences and is geared...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90067-x
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A growing area of research suggests that neuroimmunity may impact the pharmacology of opioids. Microglia is a key component of the brain immunity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that microglial modulators may improve morphine-induced analgesia and prevent the development of tolerance an...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.037
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given that developing countries (and particularly women in these countries) are at increasing risk for tobacco use, the need for hard data to accurately monitor tobacco use in developing countries is needed. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available prevalence data on current tobacco use amon...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.008
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use are each associated with specific cognitive deficits. Few studies have investigated the neurocognitive profile of individuals with both an ADHD history and regular cannabis use. The greatest cognitive impairment is expected among ADHD Cannabis ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.001
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many young adults engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use so that their effects overlap. Little is known about motivations for dual substance use and associations with use and consequences. This study examined daily-level associations between cross-fading motives and levels of alcohol and mari...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108077
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Drug usage patterns among patients admitted to a Swedish clinic specialized in the treatment of drug dependence have undergone significant changes during the last fifteen years. During this period there has been a decline in amphetamine taking and a rise in opiate abuse. Yearly cohorts of drug abusers were subjected t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90188-x
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders have a more severe clinical course and poorer outcomes than do individuals with one disorder. In an attempt to find intervening variables that may contribute to improvement in treatment outcomes among individuals with co-occurring disorders, we inve...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.01.009
更新日期:2007-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Xorphanol is a new mixed agonist-antagonist from the morphinan class of analgesics. On the basis of animal experiments, the physical dependence liability of xorphanol is predicted to be of a low order in man. Conceptually, xorphanol is of interest since in vitro experiments have revealed anti-naloxone properties and r...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(85)90068-7
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the guidance of experts, 120 secondary school students from three wine-producing and three other areas of France discussed their experience with alcohol; assessed the value of materials used in primary prevention programmes; produced themselves such materials and evaluated the impact of the different approaches....
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(90)90164-a
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of illegal drugs is common in alcohol dependence and significant psychological and social consequences are associated with the concurrent use of alcohol and illegal drugs. However, little literature has examined the patterns of concurrent-drug use in alcohol dependent individuals. A latent class analysis (LCA)...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.002
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive evidence that selective dopamine antagonists attenuate the reinforcing effects of stimulants in laboratory animals, there is little evidence that dopamine antagonists block the positive subjective effects of stimulants in humans. However, recent evidence suggests that the subjective effects of stimul...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00104-7
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00