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Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a review with a focus on molecular mechanisms.

Abstract：

:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease of the central nervous system commonly affecting young adults. Pathologically, there are patches of inflammation (plaques) with demyelination of axons and oligodendrocyte loss. There is a global latitude gradient in MS prevalence, and incidence of MS is increasing (particularly in females). These changes suggest a major role for environmental factors in causation of disease. We have reviewed the evidence and potential mechanisms of action for three exposures: vitamin D, Epstein Barr virus and cigarette smoking. Recent advances supporting gene-environment interactions are reviewed. Further research is needed to establish mechanisms of causality in humans and to explore preventative strategies.

journal_name

Int J Mol Sci

journal_title

International journal of molecular sciences

authors

O'Gorman C,Lucas R,Taylor B

doi

10.3390/ijms130911718

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

11718-52

issue

9

issn

1422-0067

pii

ijms-13-11718

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

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