DSD due to 5α-reductase 2 deficiency - from diagnosis to long term outcome.

abstract：:Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is continuously pushing its limits by embracing ever more sophisticated technology. This is also true for reproductive surgery, arguably the birthplace of gynecologic endoscopy, where minimally invasive treatment of uterine, tubal, ovarian, and peritoneal pathology has long becom...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Gargiulo AR,Nezhat C

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human uterus mainly consists of two layers: an inner endometrium and an outer layer, the myometrium, made of smooth muscle. The uterus is characterized by its unique capacity for regeneration. This capacity permits cyclical regeneration and remodeling of the tissue over the course of a woman's reproductive life. D...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Maruyama T,Ono M,Yoshimura Y

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assisted reproductive techniques have revolutionized the treatment of male reproductive failure, allowing biological fatherhood to be achieved by many men that nature would have never permitted. As we are able to help more and more couples with our therapies, the genetic basis of the man's spermatogenic, anatomical, o...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Harnisch B,Oates R

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that endometriosis is inherited as a complex genetic trait in which multiple genes conferring disease susceptibility interact with each other and the environment to produce the phenotype. Research groups worldwide are trying to identify such susceptibility genes through a "positional cloni...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Kennedy S

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Old World monkeys display physiological responses to steroid hormones that are similar to those of women. In this review, we describe cyclic morphological changes that take place within the uterus of Old World primates during the menstrual cycle. In primates, estrogen stimulates endometrial growth in the follicular ph...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Slayden OD

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identifying appropriate candidates for menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is challenging given the complex profile of risks and benefits associated with treatment. Most professional societies agree that HT should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Recent findings from the Women's Health Initiative and other rand...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Wild RA,Manson JE

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been few formal studies of differences in the phenotype of PCOS among women of African-American ancestry. Generally, African-American women tend to have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile when compared with women of other racial groups. The metabolic syndrome is a clinical disorder that identifies indiv...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Coney P,Ladson G,Sweet S,Legro RS

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Labor initiation is a complex process that remains to be fully elucidated. An area of active research involves the study of the different mechanisms that may lead to successful signaling for parturition. This review focuses on the fetal-derived signals that lead to the initiation of labor. These signals may also play ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Beshay VE,Carr BR,Rainey WE

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microfluidics is a young but established field that holds significant potential for scientific discovery. The utility of microfluidics can improve our knowledge of basic biology as well as expand our understanding in specialized areas such as assisted reproduction and stem cell developmental biology. This review descr...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Smith GD,Swain JE,Bormann CL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Historically, progesterone functions to regulate gene expression via two nuclear progesterone receptors (PR-B and PR-A). Yet, actions of progesterone independent of gene regulation have been observed for decades. These are based on progesterone induced cellular events that occur too rapidly to involve gene transcripti...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Price TM,Dai Q

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration for the induction of oocyte maturation during in vitro fertilization treatment is effective in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, some studies have reported a lower ongoing pregnancy rate after GnRHa trigger. The excellent ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Engmann L,Benadiva C

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research translation and evaluation are often underconsidered in research design and implementation thus limiting research benefit to the end user. In this article, we first describe a best practice approach to evaluation, for a center of research excellence in polycystic ovary syndrome. Within this, we outline a comp...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Garad R,Kozica-Olenski S,Teede HJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) compromises a woman's chance of conceiving with her own oocytes. Although biomarkers such as serum follicle-stimulating hormone, serum antimüllerian hormone, and assessment of antral follicle count by transvaginal ultrasound can give some general idea about ovarian activity and perh...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Baker V

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), long considered diseases of little significance to global health, represent the greatest threat to economic development and human health. The main NCDs-diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic respiratory disease-are the world's number one killer and bear the greatest burd...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Marrero S,Adashi EY

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnancy results in major changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn influence fetal growth and the timing of labor. From the beginning of the second trimester maternal cortisol secretion increases, and in late pregnancy the placenta, in large part mediated through corticotroph-releasing h...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Trainer PJ

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine-disrupting chemicals generally function as steroid receptor signaling antagonists or agonists that influence development to promote adult-onset disease. Exposure to the endocrine disruptors during the initiation of male reproductive tract development interferes with the normal hormonal signaling and formatio...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Guerrero-Bosagna CM,Skinner MK

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The medical treatment of endometriosis is a critical aspect of the therapeutic approach to this disease. Past methods have been based upon systemic hormonal alterations, resulting in suppression of this estrogen-responsive disorder. Treatments such as danazol, progestogens, oral contraceptives, GnRH-agonists, and gest...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Olive DL

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase p450 (p450arom) is the key enzyme for biosynthesis of estrogen, which is an essential hormone for the establishment and growth of endometriosis. There is no detectable aromatase enzyme activity in normal endometrium; therefore, estrogen is not locally produced in endometrium. Endometriosis tissue, however, c...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Bulun SE,Fang Z,Imir G,Gurates B,Tamura M,Yilmaz B,Langoi D,Amin S,Yang S,Deb S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reproductive organs in both males and females consist of gonads, internal ductal structures, and external genitalia. Normal sexual differentiation is dependent on the genetic sex determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome at fertilization. Testes develop under the influence of the Y chromosome and o...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Gell JS

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) share a common receptor in gonadal cells; however, the presence of these receptors has also been detected in several nongonadal but reproduction-associated tissues of pig, human, and other species. There are no data about the ontogeny of the human LH/hCG ...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Ziecik AJ,Derecka K,Gawronska B,Stepien A,Bodek G

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin is a circulating protein produced by adipocytes that has been implicated in control of body weight through appetite regulation and control of reproduction, most likely through an effect on the central nervous system. From studies in mice, it is clear that the genetic background of the animal on which the mutati...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Lado-Abeal J,Norman RL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In non industrialized countries the incidence of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) appears to be similar to that of industrialized countries, although data is scanty. In low-resource settings, women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) often delay seeking medical care because of cultural beliefs that a heavy red menstrua...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Haththotuwa R,Goonewardene M,Desai S,Senanayake L,Tank J,Fraser IS

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Female genital tract microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining health. Disequilibrium of the microbiota has been associated with increased risk of pelvic infections. In recent years, culture-independent molecular techniques have expanded understanding of the composition of genital microbiota and the dynamic nature...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Sharma H,Tal R,Clark NA,Segars JH

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wnt signaling cascade is critically important in stem cell biology, both in homeostatic maintenance and repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, through their respective somatic stem cells (SSCs). However, aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with a wide array of tumor types and Wnt signaling is important in...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Kahn M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since 2004, assisted conception is encompassed by the European Directive on the Quality and Safety of Tissues and Cells (2004/23/EC). The aim of a standard for quality and safety is to minimize risks of errors, contamination, and accidents and to maximize efficiency of use. This article presents a case study of the im...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Willemen D,D'Hooghe T,Knoops I,De Neubourg D,Spiessens C

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male infertility is a condition that affects approximately 50% of infertile couples and about 30% of those couples have only male factor infertility identified. There has been speculation that male military service members may have an even greater lifetime prevalence of infertility as compared to the general populatio...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Reed-Maldonado AB,Madden KC

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens are frequently used in reproductive medicine. The Women's Health Initiative trial found that the risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) exceed the benefits. The estrogens in MHT, however, were introduced prior to our understanding of the mechanism of action of estrogens. Estrogen signaling is highly compl...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Leitman DC,Paruthiyil S,Yuan C,Herber CB,Olshansky M,Tagliaferri M,Cohen I,Speed TP

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During most of gestation, the fetal adrenal gland is almost solely dedicated to the production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). This specialized ability of the fetal adrenal is unique to primates and occurs because of a specialized fetal zone that composes the bulk of the fetal adrenal gland. Morphologicall...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Rainey WE,Rehman KS,Carr BR

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intraperitoneal adhesions remain a costly, long-term sequela of abdominal surgery. They cause significant postoperative morbidity and difficult reoperative surgery. Although adhesions have been recognized for more than 250 years, a uniformly effective method of adhesion prevention does not exist. In recent years, rese...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Reed KL,Stucchi AF,Becker JM

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs) contain sex steroids that diffuse through a plastic polymer ring at a constant rate and are absorbed directly through the vaginal epithelium into the systemic circulation. This delivery system provides many advantages over oral contraceptives (OCs), including avoidance of the first-p...

journal_title：Seminars in reproductive medicine

authors： Harwood B,Mishell DR Jr

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00