Loss of short-latency afferent inhibition and emergence of afferent facilitation following neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Abstract:

:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) increases the excitability of corticospinal (CS) pathways by altering circuits in motor cortex (M1). How NMES affects circuits interposed between the ascending afferent volley and descending CS pathways is not known. Presently, we hypothesized that short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) would be reduced and afferent facilitation (AF) enhanced when NMES increased CS excitability. NMES was delivered for 40 min over the ulnar nerve. To assess CS excitability, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were evoked using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered at 120% resting threshold for first dorsal interosseus muscle. These MEPs increased by ∼1.7-fold following NMES, demonstrating enhanced CS excitability. SAI and AF were tested by delivering a "conditioning" electrical stimulus to the ulnar nerve 18-25 ms and 28-35 ms before a "test" TMS pulse, respectively. Conditioned MEPs were compared to unconditioned MEPs evoked in the same trials. TMS was adjusted so unconditioned MEPs were not different before and after NMES. At the SAI interval, conditioned MEPs were 25% smaller than unconditioned MEPs before NMES but conditioned and unconditioned MEPs were not different following NMES. At the AF interval, conditioned MEPs were not different from unconditioned MEPs before NMES, but were facilitated by 33% following NMES. Thus, when NMES increases CS excitability there are concurrent changes in the effect of afferent input on M1 excitability, resulting in a net increase in the excitatory effect of the ascending afferent volley on CS circuits. Maximising this excitatory effect on M1 circuits may help strengthen CS pathways and improve functional outcomes of NMES-based rehabilitation programs.

journal_name

Neurosci Lett

journal_title

Neuroscience letters

authors

Mang CS,Bergquist AJ,Roshko SM,Collins DF

doi

10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.072

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-10-31 00:00:00

pages

80-5

issue

1

eissn

0304-3940

issn

1872-7972

pii

S0304-3940(12)01166-4

journal_volume

529

pub_type

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