Abstract:
:This article discusses the importance, definition, and types of confounders in epidemiology. Methods to identify and address confounding are discussed, as well as their strengths and limitations. The article also describes the difference among confounders, mediators, and effect modifiers.
journal_name
Arch Iran Medjournal_title
Archives of Iranian medicineauthors
Kamangar Fdoi
012158/AIM.0014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
508-16issue
8eissn
1029-2977issn
1735-3947pii
0014journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:It is well known that inhalation of chemical warfare, mostly sulfur mustard, causes injury of the respiratory system. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common disease among these patients. Health-related quality of life is a common feature of studies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The obj...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The threshold of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in current screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) from the heel prick test is 5 mU/l. This study uses cost-effective analysis to evaluate increasing the threshold to minimize false-positive results and recall rates. METHODS:Cost of screening, diagnosi...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:012153/AIM.006
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Estrogen is the major sex steroid affecting the growth, remodeling, and homeostasis of the female skeleton. Estrogen loss in postmenopausal women leads to osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and long- term effects of estrogen loss on bones, tendons, muscles, and menisci in ovariecto...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:013165/AIM.006
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection affects all body organs including kidney. Since the frequency of HIV-related renal disorders is unknown in Iran and the number of HIV-infected patients is increasing, this study was conducted for the first time in Iran to assess the frequency of electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, and protein...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:07103/AIM.0010
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in development of several cancer types, including bladder cancer (BCa). However, the relationship between the ratio of miR-181/miR-100 and the prognosis of BCa has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of m...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0161909/AIM.008
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are a family of highly malignant soft tissue neoplasms mostly occurring in children and young adults. PNETs usually develop in the thoracopulmonary region, abdomen, pelvis, and rarely in the head and neck region. Here, a case of PNET located in the parotid gland is reported. ...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0151812/AIM.0012
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many reported scientific misconducts included duplication, data fabrication and falsification; but recent fake peer reviews have become strange news for many researchers worldwide. Using gmail and other non-academic emails to correspond with journals should be highly prohibited. Indeed, the dark part of this story is ...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus infection is an evolving pandemic with high morbidity and mortality, especially in people with comorbidities. The case fatality rate (CFR) is 9.2% in the presence of diabetes, while it is 1.4% in those without any comorbidity. Diabetes is a prevalent disease globally; hence, healthcare professionals ar...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.34172/aim.2020.61
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The probiotic microorganisms are live normal flora that provide nutritional benefits. When probiotic administered in adequate amounts, they also confer a health benefit on the host. Different mechanisms of probiotic effects include the following: stimulating the immune system, modifying the composition of no...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0151803/AIM.006
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS) is a diagnostic method for determining genetic disorders. The present study aimed to determine the negative predictive value of the CVS in the diagnosis of major thalassemia in genetic laboratory of Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. METHODS:The present research was an evalua...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0141707/AIM.007
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many risk factors have been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, few studies have focused on the association between risk factors and the disease severity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between some of these risk factors and MS severity in a population sample of Iranian pa...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0161912/AIM.007
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC) with appropriate indications is not only important for patient safety and well-being but is also crucial for proper utilization of resources and health care-related cost reduction. We aimed to investigate the clinical appropriateness of blood transfusion in Shar...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0172002/AIM.004
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Iran, zoonotic and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are caused by Leishmania major and L. tropica respectively. Despite extensive studies, no effective therapies have ever been reported for CL. The main objective of this research was to determine and compare the three different protocols for tre...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.34172/aim.2020.98
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Intellectual Disability (ID, also known as mental retardation) is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder affecting nearly 1% of the general population worldwide. Occurrence of behavioral disorders in individuals with ID is four times higher than that in the general population. An increasing number of studies seek...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:0161905/AIM.0012
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic therapy is one of the cornerstones of cancer treatment. In 1972, following representations by American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) recognized medical oncology as a new subspecialty of internal medicine. Subspecialty of Hematology and Medical Oncology was...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:0151811/AIM.0013
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regulation of reproduction is now considered to be carried out by the kisspeptin and its receptor, GPR54 or Kiss1r. Mutations of either Kiss1 or Kiss1r in humans and mice result in profound hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The present study was aimed to determine whether the levels of kisspeptin are associated...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0151801/AIM.005
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a lack of data regarding the incidence rate, etiology, risk factors, and natural course of thyroid disorders and their relationship with cardiovascular disease and mortality in populations undergoing nutrition transition. Therefore, we aimed to assess the natural course of thyroid disease in Tehrani...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:013167/AIM.0011
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), a familial defect involving red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins, is associated with reduced deformability, increased fragility, and progressive destruction of spherical cells. The present study focuses on three subjects of a family showing a history of repeated episodes of lethargy an...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary goal of therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B is suppression and long-lasting maintenance of hepatitis B virus DNA to its lowest possible level. The threshold of hepatitis B virus DNA level for therapy is > or = 10(5) copies/mL for HBeAg-positive patients and > or = 10(4) for those with HBeAg-negati...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare condition of the placenta and its true incidence and underlying cause has remained unknown till now due to its rarity. Its accurate diagnosis is essential, because placental mesenchymal dysplasia is usually compatible with a good fetal and maternal outcome. A precise ultrasono...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:013169/AIM.0013
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widespread since late December 2019, with several symptoms related to the upper and lower respiratory system. However, its cardiac manifestations are less frequently studied. We aimed to analyze the available COVID-19 data on acute cardiac injury, using troponin a...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.34172/aim.2020.107
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many families are directly involved in caring of their children with the lifelong autistic spectrum disorders. Sometimes, they are the victims of their children's behaviors. The family, including siblings, may have to explain the children's behaviors to others. Their mothers have poorer mental health with difficulties...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We aimed to examine cases of brucellosis that presented with severe thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic diathesis. METHODS:A total of 10 brucellosis cases with severe thrombocytopenia were included in this case-series study. Patients' files were reviewed for their clinical and laboratory findings, as well as c...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:012155/AIM.0011
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Advanced computed tomography (CT) scanners enable concurrent assessment of coronary artery anatomy and myocardial perfusion. The purpose of this study was to assess dual-energy CT images in a group of patients suspected for ischemic heart disease and to evaluate agreement of cardiac computed tomography perfu...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This research aims to determine the mental health status of population aged 15 and over in the province of Kermanshah in 2015. METHODS:The statistical population of this cross-sectional field survey consisted of residents of urban and rural areas of Kermanshah in Iran. An estimated sample size of 1200 peo...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Violence is a challenging modern epidemic worldwide. Less evidence is available on the populations most affected by violence in recent decades. The aim of the study was to ecologically investigate temporal trends of the global burden of violence according to gender, age group, and socio-demographic developme...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.34172/aim.2020.s1
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinomycotic infections are known to be associated with difficulties in making the diagnosis and treatment. Actinomycosis of the tongue is rare and of great importance, not only because it can mimic many other diseases, but also because the tongue itself has some histophysiologic features that make it resistant to in...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aims to compare the dietary and physical activity (PA) habits in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents based on their family and regional socioeconomic status (SES). METHOD:This nationwide study was conducted on 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, and one of their p...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:0161908/AIM.003
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sleep disturbances are common among adult populations and can have a significant effect on daytime activities. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and subjective sleep quality in the adult population of Tehran, Iran. METHODS:From an urban community of Tehran, a random samp...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:012152/AIM.0010
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronous development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with other tumors in the digestive tract is relatively rare, and often occurs in the stomach. We report a 76-year-old woman, who suffered from the exceedingly rare synchronous development of small intestinal stromal tumor and cecal adenocarcinoma. The patient ...
journal_title:Archives of Iranian medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00