Abstract:
:The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nations declared that human actions were dismantling the Earth's ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. This observation led to the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Cardinale BJ,Duffy JE,Gonzalez A,Hooper DU,Perrings C,Venail P,Narwani A,Mace GM,Tilman D,Wardle DA,Kinzig AP,Daily GC,Loreau M,Grace JB,Larigauderie A,Srivastava DS,Naeem Sdoi
10.1038/nature11148subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-06 00:00:00pages
59-67issue
7401eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature11148journal_volume
486pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The origins of the building blocks of the Solar System can be studied using the isotopic composition of early planetary and meteoritic material. Oxygen isotopes in planetary materials show variations at the per cent level that are not related to the mass of the isotopes; rather, they result from the mixture of compone...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03947
更新日期:2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::A multitude of heptahelical receptors use heterotrimeric G proteins to transduce signals to specific effector target molecules. The G protein transducin, Gt, couples photon-activated rhodopsin with the effector cyclic GMP phosophodiesterase (PDE) in the vertebrate phototransduction cascade. The interactions of the Gt ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35059138
更新日期:2001-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium signalling in astrocytes couples changes in neural activity to alterations in cerebral blood flow by eliciting vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arterioles. However, the mechanism for how these opposite astrocyte influences provide appropriate changes in vessel tone within an environment that has dynamic met...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07525
更新日期:2008-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on future global plant production rely on the physiological response of individual plants or plant communities when exposed to high CO2 (refs 1-6). Plant populations may adapt to the changing atmosphere, however, such that the evolved plant communiti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02945
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Serious concerns have been raised about the ecological effects of industrialized fishing, spurring a United Nations resolution on restoring fisheries and marine ecosystems to healthy levels. However, a prerequisite for restoration is a general understanding of the composition and abundance of unexploited fish communit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/nature01610
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2351-4
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from a rocket experiment show details which were not known from ground-based observations. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/226526a0
更新日期:1970-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility of rodent cells to infection by ecotropic murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) is determined by binding of the virus envelope to a membrane receptor that has multiple membrane-spanning domains. Cells infected by ecotropic MuLV synthesize envelope protein, gp70, which binds to this receptor, thereby preventin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352725a0
更新日期:1991-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The debate over human origins has focused on two competing theories. The single African origin model holds that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved in Africa 100,000-200,000 years ago. Members of this population migrated out of Africa, replacing archaic human groups through Asia and Europe, with racial differenti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/368452a0
更新日期:1994-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The existence in the ocean of deep western boundary currents, which connect the high-latitude regions where deep water is formed with upwelling regions as part of the global ocean circulation, was postulated more than 40 years ago. These ocean currents have been found adjacent to the continental slopes of all ocean ba...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03134
更新日期:2004-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Erythropoietin is the primary physiological regulator of erythropoiesis; however, in vitro studies have identified another class of mediators which appear to be important in stimulating erythroid progenitors. These factors have generally been referred to as burst-promoting activities (BPA), because they stimulate the ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/315768a0
更新日期:1985-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::B LYMPHOCYTES are key participants in the immune response because of their specificity, their ability to take up and present antigens to T cells, and their capacity to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. To limit reactivity to self antigens, autospecific B cells can be functionally inactivated or deleted. Dev...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/354308a0
更新日期:1991-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07033-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell cell interactions during cell growth and differentiation in both embryos and adults. Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by two receptor families. Frizzled proteins and lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) bin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature756
更新日期:2002-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The masses of the supermassive black holes found in galaxy bulges are correlated with a multitude of galaxy properties, leading to suggestions that galaxies and black holes may evolve together. The number of reliably measured black-hole masses is small, and the number of methods for measuring them is limited, holding ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11819
更新日期:2013-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Milankovitch proposed that summer insolation at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere directly causes the ice-age climate cycles. This would imply that times of ice-sheet collapse should correspond to peaks in Northern Hemisphere June insolation. But the penultimate deglaciation has proved controversial because Jun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35003541
更新日期:2000-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23669
更新日期:2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydration embrittlement has been proposed to explain both intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes in subduction zones. Because such earthquakes primarily occur at shallow depths or within the core of the subducting plate, dehydration at relatively low temperatures has been emphasized. However, recent careful reloca...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02475
更新日期:2004-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Humans differ from other primates in their significantly lengthened growth period. The persistence of a fetal pattern of brain growth after birth is another important feature of human development. Here we present the results of an analysis of the 1.8-million-year-old Mojokerto child (Perning 1, Java), the only well pr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02852
更新日期:2004-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Bottom trawling is a non-selective commercial fishing technique whereby heavy nets and gear are pulled along the sea floor. The direct impact of this technique on fish populations and benthic communities has received much attention, but trawling can also modify the physical properties of seafloor sediments, water–sedi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11410
更新日期:2012-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Regulatory aspects of the Warnock Committee's report on reproductive technologies are summarized. A licensing authority with "substantial lay representation" would license practitioners and approve experimentation. Artificial insemination by donor would become a regulated service, and resulting children would be leg...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/310266b0
更新日期:1984-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Extremely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. Ultrafast time-resolved methods usually require highly synchronized pulses to initiate a transition and then probe it after a precisely defined tim...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06049
更新日期:2007-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Sex differences in behaviour extend to cognitive-like processes such as learning, but the underlying dimorphisms in neural circuit development and organization that generate these behavioural differences are largely unknown. Here we define at the single-cell level-from development, through neural circuit connectivity,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature15700
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::One approach to the controlled release of drugs involves incorporation of the drug molecules into the matrix of microscopic polymer spheres or capsules. Existing methods for preparing such microparticles do not, however, always guarantee a constant release rate, for example because drug molecules may be trapped prefer...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/367258a0
更新日期:1994-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of multipotential stem cells in long-term murine bone marrow cell culture is known to depend on the development of an adherent stromal cell layer. In these conditions, restricted haematopoietic progenitor cells have also been generated for up to several months1-3. However, maturation is observed only in th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305625a0
更新日期:1983-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::In developed societies, chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and cancer are responsible for most deaths. These ailments have complex causes involving genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. There is evidence that a group of closely related nuclear receptors, called peroxisome proliferato...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35013000
更新日期:2000-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid is a vitamin A derivative with striking effects on development and cell differentiation. Several nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), acting as ligand-inducible transcription factors, have been characterized and indirect evidence suggests that they have distinct roles. One of the most intriguing prope...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347558a0
更新日期:1990-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::According to the generally accepted scenario, the last giant impact on Earth formed the Moon and initiated the final phase of core formation by melting Earth's mantle. A key goal of geochemistry is to date this event, but different ages have been proposed. Some argue for an early Moon-forming event, approximately 30 m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13172
更新日期:2014-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Transparent electronic devices formed on flexible substrates are expected to meet emerging technological demands where silicon-based electronics cannot provide a solution. Examples of active flexible applications include paper displays and wearable computers. So far, mainly flexible devices based on hydrogenated amorp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03090
更新日期:2004-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen hominoid fossils recovered from Pliocene strata at Aramis, Middle Awash, Ethiopia make up a series comprising dental, cranial and postcranial specimens dated to around 4.4 million years ago. When compared with Australopithecus afarensis and with modern and fossil apes the Aramis fossil hominids are recognize...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/371306a0
更新日期:1994-09-22 00:00:00