Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Recent reports have linked cognitive ability (IQ) with alcohol dependency, but the relationship with illegal drug use is not well understood. METHODS:Participants were 14,362 male US Vietnam veterans with IQ test results at entry into military service in 1965-1971 (mean age 22.58) who participated in a telephone interview in 1985-1986. A structured diagnostic telephone interview was used to ascertain habitual drug use during military service (for once a week, ≥ 3 months) and in civilian life (in the past 12 months, ≥ once a week), combat exposure, and post-traumatic stress disorder according to established Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders criteria (version III). RESULTS:In unadjusted analysis, men with high IQ scores were less likely to be habitual users of cannabis (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.86, 0.93), cocaine (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.61, 0.78), heroin (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.73, 0.88), amphetamines (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.83, 0.98), barbiturates (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.72, 0.86) and LSD (OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.82, 0.99) during military service and civilian life. These associations were markedly attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic status in early and later civilian life. CONCLUSION:In this cohort, socioeconomic position might lie on the pathway linking earlier IQ and later habitual drug use but might also act as a surrogate for IQ. This suggests interventions to prevent drug use could attempt to improve early life IQ and opportunities for employment.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
White J,Mortensen LH,Batty GDdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
164-8issue
1-2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(12)00113-5journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the development of tolerance to the effects of morphine and other mu opioids in rats responding under a fixed-consecutive-number (FCN) schedule of food presentation. To this end, five rats were trained under an FCN schedule and subsequently tested with a variety ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00039-2
更新日期:1997-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::This longitudinal cohort study of 324 consecutive admissions to methadone maintenance treatment between 08/1994 and 09/1997 compared 1-year outcomes of opioid-dependent patients referred from a syringe exchange program (SEP; n=81) versus other sources (n=243). All participants received stepped-based counseling. The Ad...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.026
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated the reliability of proxy reports obtained from family members with self-reports on adolescent and parental lifetime and current smoking status. METHODS:Data were assessed from 416 families, consisting of both biological parents and two adolescent siblings aged 13-17 years. The...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.026
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familiarity with alcoholic beverages was assessed by means of a modified version of Jahoda and Cramond's 'Recognition of Smells' task (Jahoda, G. and Cramond, J. (1972) Children and Alcohol, HMSO, London). Two hundred and thirty-eight Scottish and English children aged 5.5-6.5, 7.5-8.5 and 9.5-10.5 years participated....
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90043-p
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found individuals with family histories of alcohol use disorders are more impulsive on some but not all laboratory behavioral measures, suggesting deficits on specific forms of impulse control. However, drawing conclusions is tenuous because these different measures have not been admini...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.001
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior research demonstrates that individuals who consume alcohol show diminished inhibitory control towards alcohol-related cues. However, such research contrasts predominantly alcoholic appetitive cues with non-alcoholic, non-appetitive cues (e.g., stationary items). As such, it is not clear whether it is s...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.038
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Binge drinking (BD) consists of heavy episodic alcohol use. Whereas the World Health Organization (WHO) defines BD as 60g of alcohol or more per occasion, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) conceives BD as drinking 70g (men) or 56g (women) in less than two hours. We compared the s...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.034
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol stimulates the spontaneous transmitter release from motor nerve endings, as shown by the increase of miniature end plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency at the neuro-muscular junction. The stimulation of acetylcholine spontaneous quantal release by ethanol is greater in regenerating than in mature nerve endings...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90044-x
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has three foci. First, it examines the developing area of clinical sociology. Second, it demonstrates how, in reality, deviants in general and drug addicts in particular should be treated using theories of deviance and symbolic interactionism. The treatment itself is based on group experiences and is geared...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90067-x
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is associated with problems with processing complex social scenarios. Little is known about the relationship between distinct AUD-related factors (e.g., years of problematic drinking), aspects of cognitive function and dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with AUD, and the relative...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.004
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the past decade, marijuana use prevalence among adolescents has remained relatively steady while cigarette and alcohol prevalence has declined. We examined historical trends in: average grade of onset of marijuana, alcohol, and cigarette use by 12th grade; proportion who try alcohol/cigarettes before fi...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.015
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study proposes and tests an integrative and directional (structural equations) model to explain how pre-treatment motivation, frequency and content of counselling services, programme perceptions, and methadone dose are related to 1 and 6 months heroin use outcomes among opiate addicts receiving outpatient methadon...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00067-x
更新日期:2003-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study examined the dimensionality of DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) criteria using Item Response Theory (IRT) methods and tested the validity of the proposed DSM-V AUD guidelines in a sample of college students. METHOD:Participants were 396 college students who reported any alcohol use in the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.021
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Drug-related cue exposure elicits craving and risk for relapse during recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a promising research tool and possible treatment for relapse prevention. Enhanced functional neuroconnectivity is discussed as a treatment target. The goal of this research was to examine...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.006
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of smoked marijuana as a therapeutic agent is presently a matter of considerable debate in the United States. Many people suffering from a variety of disorders maintain that it is necessary for their adequate treatment. Yet, the evidence to support claims is insufficient for FDA approval. An interim solution i...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00076-9
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many studies have investigated how cognitive control may be compromised in cocaine addiction. Here, we extend this literature by employing spatial Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to describe circuit dysfunction in relation to impairment in response inhibition in cocaine addiction. METHODS:Fifty-five co...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.037
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The present study examined (1) the association between changes in perceived parental control and support from age 13 to 15 and early onset of cannabis use (before age 16), and (2) whether personality modifies the association between a decline in perceived parental control and support and early onset of canna...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.004
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crude synaptic membrane fluidity (checked by fluorescence polarization) together with (Na+ + K+) ATPase activity were examined 18 hours after a single oral ethanol administration (5 g/kg bwt.) to naive rats and to rats previously intubated with ethanol repeatedly during 4 days. The sensibility of both parameters to di...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(82)90005-9
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The nonmedical use of prescription drugs is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States, disproportionately impacting youth. Furthermore, the population prevalence of injection drug use among youth is also on the rise. This short communication examines the association between current prescription d...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.027
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Civilian populations now comprise the majority of casualties in modern warfare, but effects of war exposure on alcohol disorders in the general population are largely unexplored. Accumulating literature indicates that adverse experiences early in life sensitize individuals to increased alcohol problems after...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.014
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a range of adverse mental and psychosocial outcomes, but its association with subsequent injecting drug use (IDU) is less clear. This study investigates the associations between specific and multiple forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment and IDU reporte...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.027
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep duration and indices of disturbed sleep, such as night-time waking and day-time sleep, were investigated in amphetamine users following hospital admission and withdrawal from the drug. Compared to controls, the amphetamine group showed an initial period of oversleeping and, towards the end of the first week, the...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(82)90010-2
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 72 social drinkers between the ages of 20 and 57 years participated in an ad lib social drinking session. At various intervals throughout the session participants provided estimates of their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) along with breath samples for objective determination of their BAC. Participants we...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(87)90089-5
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Marijuana and tobacco are the substances used most commonly by adolescents and co-occurring use is common. Use of one substance may potentiate the addictive properties of the other. The current study examined the severity of nicotine addiction among teen smokers as a function of co-occurring marijuana use. ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.015
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of subchronic nicotine treatment on the development of tolerance and on two nicotinic ligand binding sites were investigated. After subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.45 mg nicotine base/kg) or saline twice a day for 14 days the body weight of rats was significantly lower than that of control animals. A...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(86)90034-7
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major objectives of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to demonstrate the superiority of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology in the comparison of screening tests that yield continuous values; and (2) to identify the best screening indicator of current drug use disorders in alcoholics. We evaluated ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(88)90056-7
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors performed pulmonary function tests on 10 chronic cocaine freebase smokers. Testing occurred at least 2 weeks after stopping cocaine use. Mean single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCOSB) was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the cocaine smokers when compared with a control group of n...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(87)90047-0
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common observation in the research literature is that children of drug-dependent parents are at significantly heightened risk of adolescent drug use, abuse, and dependence. Recent research indicates that several psychological and interpersonal factors may affect the association between parents' psychoactive substanc...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00005-4
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the predictors of self-reported health status at follow-up in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study (DATOS), a longitudinal study of drug abuse treatment programs and patients in 1991-1993. Baseline and follow-up interviews of 2966 patients in 75 programs were performed. The follow-up assessment ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00323-x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diversion programs are considered alternatives to the arrest and incarceration of non-violent drug offenders, including those found in possession of smaller amounts of cannabis in states with prohibitive laws. Despite the progressive nature of such programs, the inability to complete diversion program requir...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108316
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00