Abstract:
:Autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) are the result of an imbalanced immune tolerance network. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in both initiating immunity (immunogenic DCs) and regulating immune responses (tolerogenic DCs = tolDCs) and are potential targets for the treatment of MS. While the immunogenic potential of DCs in fighting infection and cancer has been well established, approaches that exploit their tolerogenic features to promote transplantation tolerance and autoimmunity have emerged only more recently. TolDCs usually maintain antigen-specific T-cell tolerance either directly by inducing anergy, apoptosis, or phenotype skewing or indirectly by induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The use of ex vivo-generated tolDCs is an experimental approach to achieve tolerance towards myelin-antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. In the article by Raϊch-Regué and colleagues (Eur. J. Immunol. 2011. 42:772-783) in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, advances in human tolDC preparation and promise for autologous therapy are described. These findings raise hopes of achieving the "ideal" of a highly-specific, causally-oriented immune intervention for central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity in MS. However, recent experience with antigen-specific immune interventions in MS and some general caveats associated with cell-based-therapies highlight the challenges for clinical translation of the "immunologist's dream" of treating autoimmunity as discussed in this Commentary.
journal_name
Eur J Immunoljournal_title
European journal of immunologyauthors
Gross CC,Jonuleit H,Wiendl Hdoi
10.1002/eji.201242402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
569-72issue
3eissn
0014-2980issn
1521-4141journal_volume
42pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract::During the chronic phase of infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, mice develop inflammatory lesions in the heart and skeletal muscles, as well as in peripheral nerves and the liver. We demonstrated the presence, in the blood of chronically infected mice, of L3T4+ T cells able to transfer a specific T. cruzi d...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830170720
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the lymphoid organs capable of presenting exogenous antigen (Ag) with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This study was initiated to isolate clones of these APC to definitively establish their phenotype and to further study their properties. Murine bo...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830241024
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of the development of thymocytes into mature T cells within the thymus is now known to involve antigen-induced deletion, by apoptosis, of potentially autoreactive thymocytes, and it can be mimicked either by stimulating the T cell receptor (TcR) complex by monoclonal antibody (mAb) or by ionophore-induced e...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830250706
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::B14-2-14 is a monoclonal cytotoxic IgM antibody which reacts with thymocytes of all mouse strains tested. The fraction of positive cells (by visual immunofluorescence) varies between strains from about 25-45% in A.CA to 65-85% in C57BL/6, and high levels are dominant in F1 hybrids. In the periphery, the antigen is fou...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830130610
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an experimental murine model for multiple sclerosis, is induced by stimulation of myelin-specific T lymphocytes. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a minor component of myelin proteins, is a potent autoantigen which contributes extensively to the anti-myelin response....
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200535021
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate a long peptide-based allergy vaccine in a murine model, CBA/J mice were sensitized with low dose alum-adsorbed phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a major bee venom allergen. Presensitized mice were treated by daily i.p. injections of a mixture of three long overlapping peptides (44- to 60-mer) spanning the entire PL...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200006)30:6<1638::AID-IMMU1638>3
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In chickens, the pre-B cell development takes place in a specialized organ, the bursa of Fabricius. In this study, we show that fibronectin can be detected in the bursa at least from the day 15 of embryonic incubation up to 10 weeks of age after which the bursa starts to involute. During the embryonic incubation, fibr...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830230323
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathogens are initially encountered in the gut, where the decision is made to mount an immune response or induce tolerance. The mesentric lymph node (mLN) has been shown to be involved in immune response and much more in oral tolerance induction. Furthermore, using an in vivo transplantation model, we showed rece...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201040681
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cartilage-specific proteins are considered potential autoantigens that could continuously fuel autoimmune responses directed to the joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using recombinant chimeric collagen type II we have identified one major type II collagen (CII) epitope (denoted U1) recognized by RA sera. The U1 epi...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1666::aid-immu1666>3
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the control of immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene rearrangement, we generated transgenic mice carrying a germ-line human kappa minilocus (HK) containing the J kappa-proximal V gene, V kappa IV, the V-J intergenic region, the five J kappa segments and the C kappa gene. This construct includes the intronic, ...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid (RA), which is the biologically active form of vitamin A, acts through the nuclear hormone receptor RAR (RA receptor) to induce either gene activation or repression. RA production and its effects have been linked to macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, and iNKT cells in the immune system and play...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201242705
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the epigenetic landscape of immune cells are a crucial component of gene activation during the induction of inflammatory responses, therefore it has been hypothesized that epigenetic modulation could be employed to restore homeostasis in inflammatory scenarios. Fungal pathogens cause a large burden of morbi...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201848081
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-specific helper T cell activity was detected in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice using a sensitive, simple and reproducible in vitro assay based on those previously described for soluble hapten-carrier antigens. Helper activity disappears when the tumor is large. This is coincident with the appearance of two di...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830120809
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T cell responses by its action in catabolising tryptophan. It is important in maintenance of immune privilege in the placenta. We investigated the activity of IDO in the cornea, following corneal transplantation and the effect of IDO over-expression in donor corneal endothe...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200535238
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The variable region nucleotide sequences of seven (five IgM and two IgG) anti-histone monoclonal antibodies from a single MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse have been determined. These antibodies are not clonally related and used diverse V, D and J genes. However, six of the seven antibodies have VH segments encoded by genes from t...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830210721
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous superantigens (SAg) presented by MHC class II IA molecules induce slow-evolving negative selection of alpha beta T cells. The role of both B and gamma delta T cells on the regulation of these SAg-specific alpha beta T cell responses was addressed in IA(b+)IE(b-) C57BL/6 mice bearing genetically induced B ce...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200109)31:9<2811::aid-immu2811>3
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a large number of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, the regulation of IL-8-mediated biological responses is important. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), a tridecapeptide, inhibits most forms of inflammation by an unknown mechanism. In the present s...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200535209
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A serological cross-reactivity between env gp120 glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a human cellular surface protein has been defined by a monoclonal antibody (M38) raised against HIV. The cellular antigen is a protein of ca. 80 kDa expressed on a small fraction of mononuclear cells in peripher...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830171218
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to previous studies, we report that heterologous anti-delta antibodies can act as a powerful multi-class humoral immunosuppressant. Primary direct plaque-forming cell (IgM) responses of BALB/c mice injected from birth with a rabbit anti-delta antiserum were reduced to 3% of control levels against a T-depen...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830160816
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro recognition of acetylsalicilyl ovalbumin, penicilloylated bovine IgG (BPO-BGG) and the multichain copolymer poly-L-(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D L-Alapoly-L-Lys [(T, G)-A-L] by primed (2 x 13) F1 cells could be markedly and specifically blocked by alloantisera directed against "receptors" (R) or recognition structure...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830051012
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of carrageenan (CAR) treatment on the response of interferon (IFN) production in vivo and in vitro after stimulation with an IFN-gamma inducer, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), was investigated. The IFN-gamma production in mice stimulated with SEA was impaired after i.v. administration of a 20 mg/kg dose of...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830160411
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important aspect of clinical immunity to malaria is the ability to down-regulate inflammatory responses, once parasitaemia is under control, in order to avoid immune-mediated pathology. The role of classical (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo/-)FOXP3(+)) Treg in this process, however, remains controversial. Thus, we have chara...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200839112
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that females have superior immune responses than males, but the ways by which sex hormones may enhance T cell responses are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of estrogens on CD4 T cell activation and differentiation after immunization with exogenous antigens. W...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/immu.200310027
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination of mice with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni larvae confers high levels of immunity which is mediated by Th1-type lymphocytes. To investigate a possible role for IL-12 in the induction of protection, we have compared the immune response of IL-12 p40-deficient (KO) mice and their C57BL/6 (WT) counterparts fo...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2827::AID-IMM
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developmental stages and the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) in the maturation of CD3+CD8 alpha alpha+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) have not been extensively characterized. However, comparisons of thymic and extrathymic T cell development indicate that these processes involve some distinct signaling an...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830270229
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reciprocal expression of CD45RA and CD45RO in human CD4+ T cells defines populations understood to be naive cells (CD45RA+CD45RO-) and memory cells (CD45RA-CD45RO+). We investigate two subsets of CD45RA-CD45RO+ CD4+ human T cells which differ by fourfold in their expression of the CD45RB isoform; one is CD45RBbright a...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830240536
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mice infected with the non-lethal malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS, a prominent switch from a Th1 to a Th2 type of response occurs in CD4+ T cells at the time of peak parasitemia or shortly thereafter (9-15 days after infection). This is accompanied by a major increase in IL-4, and a similar decreas...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2660::AID-IMMU2660>3
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proliferative state of functionally defined populations of size-separated pre-B cells was investigated. The results presented here support the hypothesis that pre-B cells are in the G2 phase when stable membrane IgM is first expressed. Small resting precursor cells significantly adhere to nylon wool columns, unlik...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830120406
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naturally activated T lymphocytes present in normal mouse spleen were studied for direct reactivity to interleukin 2 (IL 2) and for binding of anti-IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) antibodies or radiolabeled IL 2. The majority of large-sized splenic T lymphocytes are IL 2R-; thus, at the most one third of large L3T4+ T cells and...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830170702
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene targeting in hybridoma cells provides a tool for generating chimeric antibodies with great ease and at high yield. We present an evaluation of integration vectors for the chimerization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus which are universally applicable to hybridomas of different isotypes and mouse strains. T...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830250325
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00