Abstract:
:Glucocorticoids are indispensable for the treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), though their beneficial effects have to be balanced with potential complications arising from high doses, prolonged use or dose splitting. A glucocorticoid formulation (modified-release prednisone) has been developed to be taken in accordance with biological rhythms (chronotherapy). Morning symptoms of RA are caused by elevated nocturnal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6. Endogenous cortisol levels may be insufficient to counter the inflammatory effects of IL-6. The early morning rise in cortisol can be supplemented with exogenous glucocorticoid replacement therapy if this is given as the recently developed chronotherapy formulation. There is no adverse impact of modified-release prednisone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; indeed, there might be evidence of a beneficial effect on HPA axis function. This review summarizes the development of modified-release prednisone, pharmacokinetic characteristics and clinical experience in patients with RA.
journal_name
Expert Rev Clin Immunoljournal_title
Expert review of clinical immunologyauthors
Alten Rdoi
10.1586/eci.11.95subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
123-33issue
2eissn
1744-666Xissn
1744-8409journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adalimumab, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), is the only systemic non-corticosteroid agent which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to summarize the research which demonstrat...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1288097
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data generated using high-throughput DNA microarrays are changing the way we think about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The identification of an interferon gene-expression signature in the majority of patients with SLE, especially those with severe SLE, has stimulated substantial interest in targeting the interfe...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.6.913
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) comprises a large heterogeneous group of patients with primary antibody deficiency. Areas covered: The affected patients are characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and low levels of serum immunoglobulin. However, enteropathy, granulomatous organ infi...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1224664
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunology, similar to other areas of clinical science, is a data-rich discipline that involves a great deal of interaction between healthcare professionals and their patients. The focus of this editorial is to review the challenges and opportunities for mobile healthcare applications within immunology. It is clear th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.1010518
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biological drugs, mainly interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 antagonists, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have been used in the treatment of adult onset Still's disease patients (AOSD). METHODS:We summarised the available evidence for the effectiveness of biologic drugs in AOSD. A systematic review...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1375853
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a chronic disease that affects millions of individuals living in the USA. Proper asthma management is essential for controlling asthma symptoms and exacerbations. In recent years, however, there has been increased recognition of individuals using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat asthma. ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.4.6.703
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 1990s, elucidation of the primary amino acid sequence of several major allergens using molecular cloning techniques opened the door to T-cell epitope mapping studies. Such analyses underscored the complexity of the allergen-specific T-cell repertoire and the challenges to using allergen-derived peptides to iden...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.2.309
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports recent evidence on epidemiological data concerning monoclonal antibody (mAb) infusion-related anaphylaxis, as well as recent data on the correlation between mAb immunogenicity and safety profiles. Pathogenic mechanisms of mAb-related adverse reactions including hypersensitivity, IgE- and non-IgE-m...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.10.90
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent thyroid autoimmune disorder, characterized by the presence of specific thyroid autoantibodies (TAb). The development of autoimmunity, including TAb production and clinical presentation of HT, is determined by a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and several e...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.2.217
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 fulfill fundamental functions in nonimmune and immune cells. The description and follow-up of patients with germline mutations that result in either loss-of-function or gain-of-function have contributed to our und...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1531704
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead transcript factor box P3 have been established as a key regulator for the control of autoimmunity. A growing body of experiments in animal models has provided compelling evidence that the adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs can cure ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.3.387
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent epidemiological studies estimated that more than 30% of European suffer from allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, while up to 20% suffer from asthma and 15% from allergic skin conditions, while for many other regions the prevalence is increasing. Allergen immunotherapy represents the only available treatment th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.977260
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: The etiology of allergic rhinitis includes an increase in cytokine levels, including IL- 4, IL-13, IL-17, and reduction in B7 homologous 1 (B7-H1) or programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), a new member of the CD28: B7 stimulant molecule family. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship bet...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1637256
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors. Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and i...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1212660
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 31st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Immunology provided an excellent platform for basic and clinical scientists to brainstorm on current reproductive health issues such as repeated implantation and pregnancy failure, preterm birth, preeclampsia and genital tract infections such as HIV. The...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.11.47
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Prediction of treatment outcome and clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), either ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), is particularly important because therapeutics for IBD are not always effective and patients in remission could frequently relapse. Because undergo...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1593140
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 50 years. It is now recognized that several genetic defects can express an IBD-like phenotype at very early onset (<6 years). AREAS COVERED:The aim of this review was to update knowledge concerning the specificity of IBD at onse...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1184571
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are both inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Both types of inflammatory bowel disease have a complex etiology, resulting from a genetically determined susceptibility interacting with environmental factors, including the...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.824245
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few years, the therapeutic potential of Treg has been highlighted in the field of autoimmune diseases and after allogeneic transplantation. The first hurdle for the therapeutic use of Treg is their insufficient numbers in non-manipulated individuals, in particular when facing strong immune activation and...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.943191
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper airway disease with a prevalence of greater than 10% of the general population. Although the pathogenesis of CRS remains poorly understood, there is growing evidence indicating that epithelial physical barrier defects play an important role in CRS pathogenesis...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1601556
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conventional myeloablative conditioning regimens prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are associated with significant transplant-related morbidity and mortality in children affected by primary immunodeficiency disorders. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens have been extensively used without severe acu...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.12.9
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathological similarities between sarcoidosis (SA) and tuberculosis (TB) suggest that mycobacterial antigen(s), in genetically different predisposed hosts, may be a cause of SA. The authors' work and other published comparative analyses of HLA and non-HLA alleles in patients with SA or TB from different ethnic groups ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.13.8
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Biological agents have transformed psoriasis treatment by selectively targeting immune signaling molecules involved in psoriasis pathogenesis. While biologics offer the most effective treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, they are not without complications. Some patients treated with biologics have po...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1202115
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host susceptibility to environmental triggers is the most likely explanation for the development of asthma. Quantifying gene expression levels in disease-relevant tissues and cell types using fast evolving genomic technologies have generated new hypotheses about the pathogenesis of asthma and identified new therapeuti...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.932249
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly influenced by genetic predisposition. Beyond the limitations of linkage analysis, multiple genome-wide association studies, their meta-analyses, and targeted genotyping array techniques have broade...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1184972
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases are caused by pathogenic antibody and/or T-cell responses that are left unchecked by regulatory immune mechanisms. Recent studies in immunology have focused on subsets of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) that can suppress autoimmune responses. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T(r...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.5.745
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein belonging to the alarmin family. HMGB1 has a relevant role in starting the inflammatory cascade by means of receptors, such as RAGE and TLR. HMGB1 supports transcription of many genes in interactions with many transcription factors, including NF-kB. Th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1752668
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Abs) are associated with thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). There is strong evidence that aPL Abs are pathogenic in vivo from studies in animal models. Furthermore, there are now convincing data indicating that activation of complement is involved in those...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.4.2.193
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past years have seen the publication of several studies on seronegative spondylarthritides (SpA) and cardiovascular risk as a result of new insights into the connection between inflammation and atherogenesis. Although the overall cardiovascular disease is a complex entity, chronic inflammation of SpA is known to c...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.875468
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotics have had many applications in the past few years, and inflammatory conditions of the GI tract--including chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--have received the most attention by investigators. In fact, the experimental basis to expect clinical efficacy of probiotics in IBD is quite ro...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.09.70
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00