Abstract:
:Dermal hyperpigmentation or Fibromelanosis (FM) is one of the few examples of skin pigmentation phenotypes in the chicken, where most other pigmentation variants influence feather color and patterning. The Silkie chicken is the most widespread and well-studied breed displaying this phenotype. The presence of the dominant FM allele results in extensive pigmentation of the dermal layer of skin and the majority of internal connective tissue. Here we identify the causal mutation of FM as an inverted duplication and junction of two genomic regions separated by more than 400 kb in wild-type individuals. One of these duplicated regions contains endothelin 3 (EDN3), a gene with a known role in promoting melanoblast proliferation. We show that EDN3 expression is increased in the developing Silkie embryo during the time in which melanoblasts are migrating, and elevated levels of expression are maintained in the adult skin tissue. We have examined four different chicken breeds from both Asia and Europe displaying dermal hyperpigmentation and conclude that the same structural variant underlies this phenotype in all chicken breeds. This complex genomic rearrangement causing a specific monogenic trait in the chicken illustrates how novel mutations with major phenotypic effects have been reused during breed formation in domestic animals.
journal_name
PLoS Genetjournal_title
PLoS geneticsauthors
Dorshorst B,Molin AM,Rubin CJ,Johansson AM,Strömstedt L,Pham MH,Chen CF,Hallböök F,Ashwell C,Andersson Ldoi
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002412subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
e1002412issue
12eissn
1553-7390issn
1553-7404pii
PGENETICS-D-11-01394journal_volume
7pub_type
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