Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:For 84 years, botanists have relied on calculating the highest common factor for series of haploid chromosome numbers to arrive at a so-called basic number, x. This was done without consistent (reproducible) reference to species relationships and frequencies of different numbers in a clade. Likelihood models that treat polyploidy, chromosome fusion and fission as events with particular probabilities now allow reconstruction of ancestral chromosome numbers in an explicit framework. We have used a modelling approach to reconstruct chromosome number change in the large monocot family Araceae and to test earlier hypotheses about basic numbers in the family. METHODS:Using a maximum likelihood approach and chromosome counts for 26 % of the 3300 species of Araceae and representative numbers for each of the other 13 families of Alismatales, polyploidization events and single chromosome changes were inferred on a genus-level phylogenetic tree for 113 of the 117 genera of Araceae. KEY RESULTS:The previously inferred basic numbers x = 14 and x = 7 are rejected. Instead, maximum likelihood optimization revealed an ancestral haploid chromosome number of n = 16, Bayesian inference of n = 18. Chromosome fusion (loss) is the predominant inferred event, whereas polyploidization events occurred less frequently and mainly towards the tips of the tree. CONCLUSIONS:The bias towards low basic numbers (x) introduced by the algebraic approach to inferring chromosome number changes, prevalent among botanists, may have contributed to an unrealistic picture of ancestral chromosome numbers in many plant clades. The availability of robust quantitative methods for reconstructing ancestral chromosome numbers on molecular phylogenetic trees (with or without branch length information), with confidence statistics, makes the calculation of x an obsolete approach, at least when applied to large clades.
journal_name
Ann Botjournal_title
Annals of botanyauthors
Cusimano N,Sousa A,Renner SSdoi
10.1093/aob/mcr302subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
681-92issue
4eissn
0305-7364issn
1095-8290pii
mcr302journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ANNALS OF BOTANY文献大全abstract:Background:Secondary cell walls (SCWs) form the architecture of terrestrial plant biomass. They reinforce tracheary elements and strengthen fibres to permit upright growth and the formation of forest canopies. The cells that synthesize a strong, thick SCW around their protoplast must undergo a dramatic commitment to ce...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aob/mcy005
更新日期:2018-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Under predicted climate change scenarios, increased temperatures are likely to predispose trees to leaf and other tissue damage, resulting in plant death and contraction of already narrow distribution ranges in many relictual species. The effects of predicted upward temperatures may be further exace...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcr135
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Mite domatia are small structures on the underside of plant leaves that provide homes for predacious or fungivorous mites. In turn, mites inhabiting domatia defend the plant by consuming leaf herbivores and pathogens, which can result in a domatia-mediated, plant-mite defence mutualism. Several rece...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcw118
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Induction of dehydration tolerance is a key to achieving high survival rates in cryopreservation of plant specimens. It has been reported previously that two-step preculturing with sucrose effectively increased desiccation tolerance in axillary buds of gentian (Gentiana scabra), which allow the buds...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl054
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maize (Zea mays L.) kernel undergoes large changes in water content during its development. Whether such changes regulate the pattern of kernel development or are simply a consequence of it has not yet been established because other factors, such as assimilate supply, can also affect the rate and duration of kerne...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcg090
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Nuclear DNA amounts of 12 diploid and one tetraploid taxa and 12 natural interspecific hybrids of Cirsium from 102 populations in the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary were estimated. METHODS:DAPI and PI flow cytometry were used. KEY RESULTS:2C-values of diploid (2n = 34) species varie...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mch151
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The use of microarrays to characterize the transcript profile of Arabidopsis under various experimental conditions is rapidly expanding. This technique provides a huge amount of expression data, requiring bioinformatics tools to allow the proposal of working hypotheses. The aim of this study was to ...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mci218
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Numerous studies have examined the effects of climatic factors on the distribution of C(3) and C(4) grasses in various regions throughout the world, but the role of seasonal fluctuations in temperature, precipitation and soil N availability in regulating growth and competition of these two functiona...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcm178
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Recent developments in DNA sequencing, so-called next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods, can help the study of rare lineages that are known from museum specimens. Here, the taxonomy and evolution of the Malagasy grass lineage Chasechloa was investigated with the aid of NGS. METHODS:Full chloropla...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcw208
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. The ω-gliadins are also known to be responsive to nitrogen application. ...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mct291
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Covalent linkages between xyloglucan and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) have been reported in the primary cell walls of cultured Rosa cells and may contribute to wall architecture. This study investigated whether this chemical feature is general to angiosperms or whether Rosa is unusual. * METHODS:Xyl...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mci153
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer that strengthens and waterproofs the cell wall of specialized plant cell types. Lignification is part of the normal differentiation programme and functioning of specific cell types, but can also be triggered as a response to various biotic and abiotic stresses in cells that w...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aob/mcv046
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Root diameter, especially apical diameter, plays an important role in root development and function. The variation in diameter between roots, and along roots, affects root structure and thus the root system's overall foraging performance. However, the effect of diameter variation on root elongation,...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcv185
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae) is one the best examples of a plant adaptive radiation, exhibiting extensive morphological and ecological diversity. No research within this group has addressed the role of geographical isolation, independent of ecological adaptation, in contributing to...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq252
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Aluminium is toxic in acid soils because the soluble Al(3+) inhibits root growth. A mechanism of Al(3+) tolerance discovered in many plant species involves the release of organic anions from root apices. The Al(3+)-activated release of citrate from the root apices of Al(3+)-tolerant genotypes of bar...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mct135
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Nothoscordum gracile is an apomitic tetraploid widely distributed throughout the Americas and naturalized in many temperate regions of other continents. It has been suggested to form a species complex with sexual and apomictic N. nudicaule and N. macrostemon. Tetraploids of these species also share ...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcs020
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Dynamic management (DM) of genetic resources aims at maintaining genetic variability between different populations evolving under natural selection in contrasting environments. In 1984, this strategy was applied in a pilot experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Spatio-temporal evolution of earline...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl160
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The spatial distribution of cytotypes can provide valuable insights into evolutionary patterns of polyploid complexes. In a previous study the macro-scale distribution of the three main cytotypes in Senecio carniolicus (Asteraceae) within the Eastern Alps was characterized. Employing a roughly 12-fo...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq192
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The ability of plant lineages to reach all continents contributes substantially to their evolutionary success. This is exemplified by the Poaceae, one of the most successful angiosperm families, in which most higher taxa (tribes, subfamilies) have global distributions. Due to the old age of the ocea...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcu047
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Water deficit and salinity stresses are often experienced by plants concurrently; however, knowledge is limited about the effects of combined salinity and water deficit stress in plants, and especially in C4 bioenergy crops. Here we aim to understand how diverse drought tolerance traits may deliver ...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcz009
更新日期:2019-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The gene flow through pollen or seeds governs the extent of spatial genetic structure in plant populations. Another factor that can contribute to this pattern is clonal growth. The perennial species Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea (Brassicaceae) is a self-incompatible, clonal species found in disjun...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq102
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Opal phytoliths (microscopic silica bodies produced in and between the cells of many plants) are a very resilient, often preserved type of plant microfossil. With the exponentially growing number of phytolith studies, standardization of phytolith morphotype names and description is essential. As a first effo...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcz064
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Mimetic seeds simulate the appearance of fleshy fruits and arilled seeds without producing nutritive tissues as a reward for seed dispersers. In this strategy of seed dispersal, seeds may remain attached to the mother plant for long periods after maturity, increasing their availability to naïve seed...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq068
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Evolutionary and ecological roles of the chloroplast small heat shock protein (CPsHSP) have been emphasized based on variations in protein contents; however, DNA sequence variations related to the evolutionary and ecological roles of this gene have not been investigated. In the present study, a basa...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl288
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The growth of crops in a mixture is more variable and difficult to predict than that in pure stands. Light partitioning and crop leaf area expansion play prominent roles in explaining this variability. However, in many crops commonly grown in mixtures, including the forage species alfalfa, the sensi...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mct251
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimenia moorei (Oliv.) Philipson is an andromonoecious liane with >0.40 of the total flower buds maturing as bisexual flowers. Male and bisexual flowers are strongly scented with pollen, anther sacs and receptacle scars testing positively for volatile emissions. Scent analyses detect over 20 components. The major fat...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcg157
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint to soybean growth and production. Developing P-efficient soybean varieties that can efficiently utilize native P and added P in the soils would be a sustainable and economical approach to soybean production. SCOPE:This review summarizes the possible mech...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq029
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Bamboo is well known for its fast growth and excellent mechanical performance, but the underlying relationships between its structure and properties are only partially known. Since it lacks secondary thickening, bamboo cannot use adaptive growth in the same way as a tree would in order to modify the...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcu180
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Pea (Pisum sativum) primary roots form long vascular cavities when grown under wet or flooded conditions at 25 degrees C. It is thought that the cavities are a form of aerenchyma. At 25 degrees C short roots continue to grow after flooding. After roots reach 10 cm long flooding causes rapid cessatio...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl040
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carboxylate-releasing cluster roots of Proteaceae play a key role in acquiring phosphorus (P) from ancient nutrient-impoverished soils in Australia. However, cluster roots are also found in Proteaceae on young, P-rich soils in Chile where they allow P acquisition from soils that strongly sorb P. SCOPE:Unlik...
journal_title:Annals of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aob/mcs130
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00