Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Urine within the urinary tract is commonly regarded as "sterile" in cultivation terms. Here, we present a comprehensive in-depth study of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences associated with urine from healthy females by means of culture-independent high-throughput sequencing techniques. RESULTS:Sequencing of the V1V2 and V6 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene using the 454 GS FLX system was performed to characterize the possible bacterial composition in 8 culture-negative (<100,000 CFU/ml) healthy female urine specimens. Sequences were compared to 16S rRNA databases and showed significant diversity, with the predominant genera detected being Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Gardnerella. The bacterial profiles in the female urine samples studied were complex; considerable variation between individuals was observed and a common microbial signature was not evident. Notably, a significant amount of sequences belonging to bacteria with a known pathogenic potential was observed. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for individual samples varied substantially and was in the range of 20-500. CONCLUSIONS:Normal female urine displays a noticeable and variable bacterial 16S rDNA sequence richness, which includes fastidious and anaerobic bacteria previously shown to be associated with female urogenital pathology.
journal_name
BMC Microbioljournal_title
BMC microbiologyauthors
Siddiqui H,Nederbragt AJ,Lagesen K,Jeansson SL,Jakobsen KSdoi
10.1186/1471-2180-11-244subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-02 00:00:00pages
244issn
1471-2180pii
1471-2180-11-244journal_volume
11pub_type
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