Abstract:
:The likelihood ratio paradigm has been studied as a means for quantifying the strength of evidence for a variety of forensic evidence types. Although the concept of a likelihood ratio as a comparison of the plausibility of evidence under two propositions (or hypotheses) is straightforward, a number of issues arise when one considers how to go about estimating a likelihood ratio. In this paper, we illustrate one possible approach to estimating a likelihood ratio in comparative handwriting analysis. The novelty of our proposed approach relies on generating simulated writing samples from a collection of writing samples from a known source to form a database for estimating the distribution associated with the numerator of a likelihood ratio. We illustrate this approach using documents collected from 432 writers under controlled conditions.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Davis LJ,Saunders CP,Hepler A,Buscaglia Jdoi
10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.09.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-10 00:00:00pages
146-57issue
1-3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(11)00460-9journal_volume
216pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Urine morphine levels after the consumption of poppy seeds were measured in two separate trials. Maximum levels of approximately 18 micrograms/ml were found using RIA, EMIT-ST and GC methodologies. Positive immunoassay results were seen up to 60 h post-ingestion. Several different lots of seeds from various sources we...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(85)90173-2
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we report about a 35-year-old electrical engineer who was found dead in his study. Postmortem examination revealed that death resulted because of subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Right hand and left cheek revealed electrical marks with metallizations ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00475-3
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe the most popular drugs and their substitutes being used in Poland. The paper also presents the problem of developing and examining criminalistic traces in biological and some non-organic materials. ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90150-w
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABO groups were investigated on skin (and muscle), bone and hair specimens from 14 Egyptian mummies dating from the Roman period. Samples were tested by the AE (absorption-elution), MA (mixed agglutination) and HIF (histo-immunofluorescence) methods, in order to evaluate the reliability of each method. For half of the...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(89)90130-8
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to improve the objectivity of X-ray image comparison for the identification of unknown dead individuals. CT-data were collected for 30 macerated skulls. An already presented computer program which uses CT data to establish virtual X-ray images was used to obtain X-rays with different beam angu...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00452-7
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzodiazepines are one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. They are used as anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, hypnotics or muscle relaxants with different duration of action. In this paper, a simple and sensitive method for the determination of benzodiazepines i...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00226-7
更新日期:2000-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to estimate the age of cadavers by histomorphometry of the femur. Seventy-two Japanese males ranged from 43 days to 92 years old and 26 females ranged from 2 to 88 years old were used. The thickness of sections was adjusted at 50 to 70 microns by grinding with sand paper. The sections were...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00136-4
更新日期:1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The diffusion and trends in use of each substance is a basic information in policy planning of strategies aiming at deterrence of drug abuse or in the organization of the fight against drug trafficking. The actual diffusion of illicit drugs in a population is hardly measurable, but, among the various measures availabl...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.018
更新日期:2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::The causes of sudden cardiac death are diverse and are function of age. In young people, coronary anomalies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are the most common findings at autopsies; in adults, coronary atherosclerosis and acquired forms of cardiomyopathy are frequent findings. In many of non-ischemia related cases autop...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.011
更新日期:2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Age at death estimation is of major importance for the forensic scientist. Currently, various methods have used macroscopic osseous criteria for articular surfaces. Particularly in the pelvis, articular surfaces are used to classify bone evolution and age. The objective was to assess coxal bone computed to...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.12.024
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The examination of damage to a paper towel, an item of evidence in a murder case, is described. Simulations performed with selected tools and the observation of the lacerations present on the towel permitted to infer that they were originated by cleaning of a pointed and sharp implement. Some marks, considered charact...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.078
更新日期:2005-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::DNA typing of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR amplification kit (Applied Biosystems), was carried out in three Egyptian populations of different ethnic groups: the Berbers from the Siwa oasis (in the North-Western Egyptian desert), the Muslims and the Copts from Adaima (Upper...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.017
更新日期:2007-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Amphetamine and related derivatives are widely abused central- and psychostimulants. Detection of certain derivatives, such as methcathinone, by commonly available immunoassay screening techniques is insufficient. Multi-analyte confirmations for amphetamine type stimulants are therefore required, but traditional gas c...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.021
更新日期:2009-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::At the beginning of 2015, sixty-two capsules containing red-brown crystals seized in a historical city in Brazil were sent to this forensic laboratory for drug testing analysis. The material was identified as being Brephedrone, a new psychoactive substance and a bromine synthetic cathinone that is related to serotonin...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.007
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new series of fingerprint developing membrane were prepared using ninhydrin as the developing agent, and pressure-sensitive emulsifiers as the encapsulated chemicals. The type of emulsifier, plastic film, concentration of the developing agent, modifying ions and thickness of the membrane were studied in order to get...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.036
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic hair-growth compounds have been illegally used in diverse products to enhance the short-term efficacy of these products. In this study, a rapid and simultaneous method for the determination of hair-growth compounds in adulterated products based on ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectro...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.042
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a gun is fired, the majority of gunshot residues are deposited on the shooter's hands. But these residues disappear through contact with surfaces or washing. Therefore, the maximum time frame to find GSR on a suspect's hands is 8h. The mucus, inside of a nostril, forms a surface layer where they are trapped forei...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.034
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haplotypes and allele frequencies for 12 Y-STR loci were determined in Sichuan Han ethnic population samples of 237 unrelated males living in west China. Only one haplotype was encountered in triple. Twelve of the haplotypes were encountered in duplicate, while 210 haplotypes were unique. The gene diversity was 0.9952...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.006
更新日期:2008-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a 13-month-old boy with a diagnosis of unclear unconsciousness is reported on. As the physical examination did not lead to any explanation of his condition, the administration of drugs in the context of Munchausen syndrome by proxy was suspected. Complex forensic-toxicological analyses using HPLC/UV, LC/MS...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.021
更新日期:2009-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Usefulness of portable, handheld breath analysers equipped with electrochemical sensor was assessed. Breath- and blood-alcohol concentrations in drunken drivers were taken from 370 expert opinions elaborated at the Institute of Forensic Research between January 1st 2002 and February 28th 2007. The results of second an...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.03.002
更新日期:2008-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue-specific differential DNA methylation has been an attractive target for the development of markers for discrimination of body fluids found at crime scenes. Though mostly stable, DNA methylation patterns have been shown to vary between different ethnic groups, in different age groups as well as between healthy a...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110372
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eyes of fourteen fatally abused children and sixteen control cases were examined histopathologically. Ten of the abused children showed intraocular change. The most common ocular changes were subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve and retinal hemorrhage which involved all the layers of the retina, but most commonl...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(88)90133-8
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method has been developed on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols under refractive index detection using pure water as the mobile phase. A good separation has been achieved between these alcohols. Detector response was linear with...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(91)90156-d
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotype and distribution of allele frequencies at 17 STRs were studied in 526 unrelated Japanese individuals using the PowerPlex 16 system and the AmpFlSTR Identifiler. ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00075-6
更新日期:2003-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::The infliction of a bite is a four-dimensional space-time event that is ideally analyzed with three-dimensional (3-D) technology. Comparison of 2-D images (photographs) of a bitemark with a 3-D replica of a suspect's dentition is challenging. The authors present a technique that produces 3-D images of indented marks a...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.05.007
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified a new compound in capsules marketed as plant feeders available from internet suppliers. It is apparent from internet forums that these so-called plant feeders are being used as recreational drugs. The material is identified as being 3'-fluoromethcathinone. The compound in the capsule was identified ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.013
更新日期:2009-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanoacrylate fuming, rhodamine 6G staining and 532 nm laser light visualization were used to reveal a thirty-year-old fingermark on a plastic bag discovered at a double homicide scene. ...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.025
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine whether breath alcohol elimination rate varies as a function of age, gender, and drinking practice, factorially combined. Eighty-four men and 84 women drank enough alcohol to produce peak BrACs of .110 g/210 L for heavy and moderate drinkers and BrACs of .090 g/210 L for li...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.017
更新日期:2013-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Blunt (non-penetrating) aortic injuries, in which the arterial wall is damaged in the direction from the intima towards the adventitia, are most commonly the result of a traffic accident. The various forms of blunt aortic injuries, from limited laceration of the intima to complete transection of the aorta, depend on t...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.10.026
更新日期:2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cranial suture closure has been recognized for over a century as a useful trait for age estimation. Although this indicator has become a standard feature of age assessment protocols in skeletal remains, serious questions have been raised about its reliability. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive review of...
journal_title:Forensic science international
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110111
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00