Abstract:
:The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased in recent years. Consequently, obesity and associated disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease constitute a serious problem. Therefore, the contribution of adipose tissue to metabolic homeostasis has become a focus of interest. In this review, we discuss the latest discoveries that support the role of lipids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We describe the common mechanisms (c-Jun amino-terminal kinases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, ceramide, low-grade chronic inflammation) by which lipids and their derivatives impair insulin responsiveness and contribute to inflammatory liver and promote plaque instability in the arterial wall. Presenting the molecular mechanism of lipid activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, we attempt to find a link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Describing the common mechanisms by which lipid derivatives, through modulation of macrophage function, promote plaque instability in the arterial wall, impair insulin responsiveness and contribute to inflammatory liver and discussing the molecular mechanism of lipid activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, the key roles played by the proliferator-activated receptor and liver X receptor α, nuclear receptors-lipid sensors that link lipid metabolism and inflammation, should be emphasized. Further studies are warranted of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, anti-interleukin-6 receptors, immune-modulators (calcineurin inhibitors), substances enhancing the expression of heat shock proteins (which protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis), and anti- c-Jun amino-terminal kinases in well-designed trials to try to minimize the high impact of these illnesses, and the different expressions of the diseases, on the whole population.
journal_name
World J Gastroenteroljournal_title
World journal of gastroenterologyauthors
Tarantino G,Caputi Adoi
10.3748/wjg.v17.i33.3785subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-09-07 00:00:00pages
3785-94issue
33eissn
1007-9327issn
2219-2840journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of programmed death (PD)-1, PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 in liver tissues in the context of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:Liver biopsies and HCC specimens from patients were collected and histologically examined. The expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i28.3322
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title:World journal of gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-07-28 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i5.751
更新日期:2017-02-07 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-10-14 00:00:00
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doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i48.6135
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6819
更新日期:2012-12-14 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5746
更新日期:2017-08-21 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3748/wjg.v9.i5.1119
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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