Abstract:
SIGNIFICANCE:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only essential for the cell's normal functions, but also mediate many pathological effects. When cells experience oxidative stress, proteins are modulated by redox changes and ultimately generate novel signaling patterns. It remains elusive how proteins are modulated, rather than simply damaged, by ROS and then mediate the diverse cellular responses. RECENT ADVANCES:During the past decade, researchers frequently used "redox sensor" for proteins. However, the term "redox sensing" has not been clearly defined to date. Thiols of cysteines are subjected to oxidative modifications. The conformation changes and the various types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) may result from thiol oxidation of the same protein or other proteins. The molecular effects of redox sensing include changes in protein activity, abundance, localization, and interaction with other biomacromolecules. CRITICAL ISSUES:We discuss the emerging concept of cysteine-based redox sensing, emphasizing "sensing redox changes by proteins using their thiols." ROS are an input, and the conformation changes and/or the other PTMs after thiol oxidation are the output of redox sensing. Among dozens of redox sensing proteins listed in this article, SENP3 and caspase-9, which have been investigated in our work, are given particular attention. We also introduce the notion of biphasic and compartment-specific redox sensing by nuclear factor kappa B. FUTURE DIRECTIONS:Understanding chemical modifications and conformational changes following protein redox sensing requires more studies in mass spectrometry and crystallography. Redox-indicative probes in live cells and tissues will help monitor redox-related biological and pathological progresses.
journal_name
Antioxid Redox Signaljournal_title
Antioxidants & redox signalingauthors
Wang Y,Yang J,Yi Jdoi
10.1089/ars.2011.4313subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-01 00:00:00pages
649-57issue
7eissn
1523-0864issn
1557-7716journal_volume
16pub_type
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ars.2015.6524
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.1667
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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journal_title:Antioxidants & redox signaling
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