Abstract:
:O'Connor, LM and Vozenilek, JA. Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3239-3241, 2011-Forty-three world record swims were recorded at the 2009 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Championship meet in Rome. Of the 20 FINA recognized long-course (50-m pool) swimming events, men set new world records in 15 of those events, whereas women did the same in 17 events. Each of the men's world records and 14 of the 17 women's records still stand. These performances were unprecedented; never before had these many world records been broken in such a short period of time. There was much speculation that full-body, polyurethane, technical swimsuits were the reason for the conspicuous improvement in world records. Further analysis led the FINA to institute new rules on January 1, 2010, that limited the types of technical swimsuits that could be worn by athletes. No long-course world record has been broken since then. We sought to understand this phenomenon by analyzing publicly available race data and exploring other possible causes including improvements in other sports, improvements in training science, changes in rules and regulations, gender differences, anaerobic vs. aerobic events, unique talent, and membership data.
journal_name
J Strength Cond Resjournal_title
Journal of strength and conditioning researchauthors
O'connor LM,Vozenilek JAdoi
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182392c5fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
3239-41issue
12eissn
1064-8011issn
1533-4287journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Integrated technology (IT), which includes accelerometers, global positioning systems (GPSs), and heart rate monitors, has been used frequently in public health. More recently, IT data have been used in sports settings to assess training and performance demands. However, the impact of IT in sports settings is yet to b...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a952fb
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the 3 main energy pathways during a 30-second elliptical all-out test (EAT) compared with the Wingate all-out test (WAT). Participants were 12 male team sport players (age, 20.3 ± 1.8 years; body mass, 74.8 ± 12.4 kg; height, 176.0 ± 9.10 cm; body fat, 12.1...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a20f77
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a series of 7 tests that categorize fundamental movement. Each test is scored on an ordinal scale with 4 categories. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of the FMS. Forty healthy subjects were videotaped while performing the FMS. The videos were...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c09c04
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knechtle, B and Nikolaidis, PT. The age of peak marathon performance in cross-country skiing-the "Engadin Ski Marathon." J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1131-1136, 2018-The age of the best endurance performance has been well investigated in flat city running marathons. However, we have no knowledge about the age of peak ma...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001931
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campos, F, Molina Correa, JC, Canevari, VCM, Branco, BHM, Andreato, LV, and de Paula Ramos, S. Monitoring internal training load, stress-recovery responses, and immune-endocrine parameters in Brazilian jiu-jitsu training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between tr...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003507
更新日期:2020-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of whole-body vibration on isometric squat (IS) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Nine moderately resistance-trained men were tested for peak force (PF) during the IS and jump height (JH) and peak power (PP) during the CMJ. Average int...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/R-17835.1
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to develop an equation to predict VO2max from a submaximal elliptical cross-trainer test. Fifty-four apparently healthy subjects (25 men and 29 women, mean +/- SD age: 29.5 +/- 7.1 years, height: 173.3 +/- 12.6 cm, weight: 72.3 +/- 7.9 kg, percent body fat: 17.3 +/- 5.0%, and elliptical c...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/R-17014.1
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study examined how the impact of pitch dimensions influences physiological and running performance during 4-minute small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four (n = 24) hurling players were monitored with global positioning system and heart rate monitors during the in-season training period. Total distance (in me...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001624
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alves, RR, Viana, RB, Silva, MH, Guimarães, TC, Vieira, CA, Santos, DdAT, and Gentil, PRV. Postactivation potentiation improves performance in a resistance training session in trained men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-This study aims to analyze the influence of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on performa...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003367
更新日期:2019-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Turgut, E, Cinar-Medeni, O, Colakoglu, FF, and Baltaci, G. "Ballistic Six" upper-extremity plyometric training for the pediatric volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1305-1310, 2019-The Ballistic Six exercise program includes commonly used upper-body exercises, and the program is recommended for overhead thr...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002060
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research aimed to critically examine the effectiveness of a time-limited and distance-regulated interval training program on subelite field hockey players. Subjects comprised 22 women (26.1 +/- 4.5 years, 62.8 +/- 7.4 kg, 1.7 +/- 0.9 m) and 22 men (22.1 +/- 3.2 years, 74.9 +/- 5.4 kg, 1.8 +/- 0.5 m) field hockey ...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a00cd3
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle power is a major neuromuscular factor affecting motor function and independence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and it is commonly targeted using high-speed exercise. This study examined the changes in velocities (Vpp) and percent loads (%1RMpp) at peak power and load-velocity (L-V) and load-power (L...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001730
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:ABSTRACT:Harper, DJ, Jordan, AR, and Kiely, J. Relationships between eccentric and concentric knee strength capacities and maximal linear deceleration ability in male academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 465-472, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between maximal linear de...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002739
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strength is a critical factor in the health and job performance of police officers. Using a retrospective longitudinal design, the purpose of this study was to identify differences in strength scores from initial recruitment to in-service tests and to compare gender differences. Strength changes were also compared in ...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bac2ab
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week strength training program on movement time (MT) on fencers of national level. Twelve male fencers were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (CG: N = 6; age, 22.3 ± 8.1 years) and the treatment group (TG: N = 6; age, 24.8 ± 7.2 years). The...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000581
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suitability for safe participation in aerobic exercise is typically determined by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, using a treadmill or cycle. With increased participation in strength training by healthy clients as well as rehabilitation patients, there is a need to develop a test for determining suitability for safe ...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1519/13623.1
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating creatine kinase (CK) levels are often monitored as an indirect biomarker of muscle damage after resistive exercise. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate whether capillary whole-blood sampling, a simpler and less invasive method for obtaining a venous blood sample, would allow for a reli...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hester, GM, Pope, ZK, Sellers, JH, Thiele, RM, and DeFreitas, JM. Potentiation: Effect of ballistic and heavy exercise on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 660-666, 2017-The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of heavy and ballistic conditioning protocols on vertical jump perform...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001285
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of added neuromuscular training (NMT), as compared to just regular training (RT), on lower extremity kinematics and single leg stability in adolescent team handball players of both sexes and to investigate whether these effects are more evident in valgus aligned...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182023bc7
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared anthropometric and performance variables in professional baseball players and examined the relationship between these variables and baseball-specific performance (i.e., home runs, total bases, slugging percentage, and stolen bases). During a 2-year period, 343 professional baseball players were ass...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bcd5fe
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropometric equations, based on 2-compartment models, have been routinely used to estimate body composition in female college athletes; however, these equations are not without error. In an attempt to decrease the error associated with anthropometric equations, updated equations were developed using multiple-compar...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aa1cd0
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Denham, J, Scott-Hamilton, J, Hagstrom, AD, and Gray, AJ. Cycling power outputs predict functional threshold power and maximum oxygen uptake. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3489-3497, 2020-Functional threshold power (FTP) has emerged as a correlate of lactate threshold and is commonly assessed by recreational and profess...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002253
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between laboratory tests and on-ice skating performance in division I men's hockey athletes. Twenty-one men (age 20.7 +/- 1.6 years) were assessed for body composition, isokinetic force production in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and anaerobic muscle power...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06cfb
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study surveyed 28 athletes competing at a regional mixed martial arts (MMA) event. The survey attempted to gather information regarding overall training volume, supplement use, and specific exercises used. The survey return rate was 100% (28/28). Twenty-five out of the 28 athletes supplemented their training with...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/1533-4287(2004)018<0194:stmomm>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need to investigate the effect of specific movement strategies in reducing biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in young female athletes. The purpose of this study was (a) to determine the feasibility of implementing a novel movement strategy (Core-PAC) into a team warm-up before...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182472fef
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze the outcome on testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) responses in 12 professional basketball players during a season of competition. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), C, total testosterone (TT), and free testosterone (FT) levels were analyzed in October, December, March, and April. A day after the games...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ce2423
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methenitis, S, Spengos, K, Zaras, N, Stasinaki, A-N, Papadimas, G, Karampatsos, G, Arnaoutis, G, and Terzis, G. Fiber type composition and rate of force development in endurance- and resistance-trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2388-2397, 2019-The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship ...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002150
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the changes in anthropometry and performance, and their interrelationships, across 3 consecutive seasons (under-15 to under-17 age groups) in elite youth rugby league players. Each player participated in annual anthropometrical and performance assessments, comprising measurements of stature; bo...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000445
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pickett, CW, Nosaka, K, Zois, J, and Blazevich, AJ. Relationships between midthigh pull force development and 200-m race performance in highly trained kayakers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-While increased lower-limb force production during kayaking has been shown to be related to increased boat velocity, ...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003235
更新日期:2019-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined functional strength and endocrine responses to varying ratios of strength and endurance training in a concurrent training regimen. Thirty resistance trained men completed 6 weeks of 3 d·wk of (a) strength training (ST), (b) concurrent strength and endurance training ratio 3:1 (CT3), (c) conc...
journal_title:Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001135
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00