Abstract:
:To ensure future food security, there is an urgent need for improved co-ordination of agricultural research. While advances in biotechnology hold considerable promise, significant technology gaps exist that may reduce their impact. Examples include an incomplete knowledge of target breeding environments, a limited understanding and/or application of optimal crop management practices, and underfunded extension services. A better co-ordinated and more globalized approach to agricultural research through the implementation of Global Crop Improvement Networks (GCIN) is proposed. Such networks could underpin agricultural research and development by providing the following types of services: (i) increased resolution and precision of environmental information, including meteorological data, soil characteristics, hydrological data, and the identification of environmental 'hotspots' for a range of biotic, abiotic, and socio-economic constraints; (ii) augmented research capacity, including network-based variety and crop management trials, faster and more comprehensive diagnosis of emerging constraints, timely sharing of new technologies, opportunities to focus research efforts better by linking groups with similar productivity constraints and complementary skills, and greater control of experimental variables in field-based phenotyping; and (iii) increased communication and impacts via more effective dissemination of new ideas and products, the integration of information globally to elicit well-timed local responses to productivity threats, an increased profile, and the publicity of threats to food security. Such outputs would help target the translation of research from the laboratory into the field while bringing the constraints of rural communities closer to the scientific community. The GCIN could provide a lens which academia, science councils, and development agencies could use to focus in on themes of common interest, and working platforms to integrate novel research approaches on crop adaptation and rural development.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Reynolds MP,Hellin J,Govaerts B,Kosina P,Sonder K,Hobbs P,Braun Hdoi
10.1093/jxb/err241subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-12issue
1eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
err241journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::LcbHLH92, a pleiotropic gene from sheepgrass, negatively regulates anthocyanins/proanthocyandins and reduces seed dormancy in transgenic Arabidopsis. ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery335
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant leaf senescence and defence responses are important biological processes, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study identified a new rice mutant, spotted leaf 29 (spl29). The SPL29 gene was identified by map-based cloning, and SPL29 was confirmed as UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyropho...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru456
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has made progress in relating the size of stomata to stomatal functioning and, in particular, the speed of opening and closing and its implications. Calculations of the influence of stomatal size on the potential rate of osmolarity increase, assuming size-independent ion influx rate per unit area of guard ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru032
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theobroma cacao (cacao) is cultivated in tropical climates and is exposed to drought stress. The impact of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b on cacao's response to drought was studied. Colonization by DIS 219b delayed drought-induced changes in stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and gre...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp165
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exists as several isoforms that are found in various compartments in plant cells. The cytosolic and chloroplast APXs appear to play important roles in antioxidation metabolism in plant cells, yet the function of peroxisomal APX is not well studied. In this study, the localization of a putati...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl060
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene, or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), can stimulate hypocotyl elongation in the light. It is questioned whether gibberellins (GAs) play a role in this response. Tests with light of different wavelengths demonstrated that the ethylene response depends on blue light and functional crypt...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm288
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present work describes the intrachloroplast localization and the changes that took place in the thylakoid and stroma-located superoxide dismutases (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidases (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), in response to long-term NaCl stress in Pisum sativum L. cv. Puget plants. Native PAGE using high chlo...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh013
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant mitochondrial genes contain cis- and trans-group II introns that must be spliced before translation. The mechanism by which these introns are spliced is not well understood. Several families of proteins have been implicated in the intron splicing, of which the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are proposed...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery432
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Global change factors affect plant carbon uptake in concert. In order to investigate the response directions and potential interactive effects, and to understand the underlying mechanisms, multifactor experiments are needed. The focus of this study was on the photosynthetic response to elevated CO(2) [CO2; free air CO...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err133
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the Green Revolution, substantial increases in wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields were realized, at least in part, through the introduction of the Reduced height (Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing alleles. In contrast to Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, the Rht-B1c allele is characterized by extreme dwarfism and exceptional...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw471
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding stilbene synthase (STS) plays a central role in many biochemical and physiological actions, and its metabolite resveratrol possesses broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, as well as diverse pharmacological properties, notably an anticancer effect. Here, we report the expression analysis of the gene...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq447
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Charophyta have shed new light on land plant terrestrialization. Here, we report the organellar genomes of the Zygnema circumcarinatum strain UTEX 1559, and a comparative genomics investigation of 33 plastomes and 18 mitogenomes of Chlorophyta, Charophyta (includin...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa149
更新日期:2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) of many charophytes, the assemblage of green algae that are the sister group to land plants, is complex, produced in large amounts, and has multiple essential functions. An extensive secretory apparatus and endomembrane system are presumably needed to synthesize and secrete the ECM, but ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa039
更新日期:2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::In order to screen for putative candidate genes linked to tomato fruit weight and to sugar or acid content, genes and QTLs involved in fruit size and composition were mapped. Genes were selected among EST clones in the TIGR tomato EST database (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/tgi/lgi/) or corresponded to genes preferentially ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh207
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Charles Darwin made extensive observations of the pollination biology of a wide variety of plants. He carefully documented the consequences of self-pollination and described species that were self-sterile but that could easily be crossed with other plants of the same species. He believed that compatibility was control...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp024
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the carbon used for starch biosynthesis in cereal endosperms is derived from ADP-glucose (ADP-Glc) synthesized by extra-plastidial AGPase activity, and imported directly across the amyloplast envelope. The properties of the wheat endosperm amyloplast ADP-Glc transporter were analysed with respect to substrate ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl297
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the general aim of elevating the content of the essential amino acid methionine in vegetative tissues of plants, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tobacco plants, as well as BY2 tobacco suspension cells, were transformed with a beta-zein::3HA gene under the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus encoding a rumen...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eri237
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a globally cultivated cash crop whose yield is negatively affected by soil salinity. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of inducible salt tolerance in M4209, a sugarcane mutant line generated through radiation-induced mutagenesis. Under salt-contaminated field condi...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa339
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::Plants have evolved and adapted to different environments. Dwarfism is an adaptive trait of plants that helps them avoid high-energy costs under unfavourable conditions. The role of gibberellin (GA) in plant development has been well established. Several plant dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs) ha...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers295
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible role of photorespiration as a general stress protection mechanism, and in C(4) plant metabolism, is controversial. In particular, the potential involvement of photorespiration in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in 'resurrection' plants is unknown. An investigation was carried out into whether pho...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm247
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work introduces a new experimental method for the comprehensive description of the physiological responses to light of photosynthetic organisms. It allows the integration in a single experiment of the main established manipulative chlorophyll fluorescence-based protocols. It enables the integrated characterizatio...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw492
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed dormancy release of the obligate root parasitic plant, Phelipanche ramosa, requires a minimum 4-day conditioning period followed by stimulation by host-derived germination stimulants, such as strigolactones. Germination is then mediated by germination stimulant-dependent activation of PrCYP707A1, an abscisic acid...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv119
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A putative component protein of the nuclear lamina, KAKU4, modulates nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but its physiological significance is unknown. KAKU4 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, each of which has a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. KAKU4 protein was highly abundant on the...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa367
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing occurrence of heatwaves has intensified temperature stress on terrestrial vegetation. Here, we investigate how two contrasting isoprene-emitting tropical species, Ficus benjamina and Pachira aquatica, cope with heat stress and assess the role of internal plant carbon sources for isoprene biosynthesis in...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz353
更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Our current understanding of how plants move auxin through their tissues is largely built on the use of polar auxin transporter inhibitors. Although the most important proteins that mediate auxin transport and its regulation have probably all been identified and the mapping of their interactions is well underway, mech...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx323
更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown to maturity in hydroponic cultures. Nitrogen accumulation was controlled by daily growth-limiting additions of nitrate together with all other nutrients in excess. Six different curves of N accumulation were used, with the same relative changes from day t...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/51.352.1921
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several per cent of net carbon assimilation can be re-released as isoprene emissions to the atmosphere by many tropical plants, much uncertainty remains regarding its biological significance. In a previous study, we detected emissions of isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methac...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ert202
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A maize mutant defective in the synthesis of phytic acid during seed maturation was used as a tool to study the consequences of the lack of this important reserve substance on seed survival. Data on germinability, free iron level, free radical relative abundance, protein carbonylation level, damage to DNA, degree of l...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern345
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil respiration is affected by distributions of roots and soil carbon substrates and by temperature and soil water content, all of which vary spatially and temporally. The objective of this paper was to compare a manual system for measuring soil respiration in a temperate forest, which had a greater spatial distribut...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg121
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacks all of the Ser residues known to be involved in the regulation of higher plant SPS by protein phosphorylation. The Synechocystis SPS is also not allosterically regulated by glucose 6-phosphate or orthophosphate. To investigate th...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg023
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00