Abstract：
:Good balance, an important ability in controlling body movement, declines with age. Also, balance appears to decrease when visual input is restricted, while this has been poorly investigated among visually impaired very old adults. The objective of this study is thus to explore whether the balance control of the very old differs with varying degrees of visual impairment. This cross-sectional study was conducted in community centers and residential care homes. Thirty-three visually impaired (17 = low vision; 16 = blind) and 15 sighted elderly aged ≥ 70 years participated in the study. All participants were assessed: (1) concentric isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors; (2) a sensory organization test to measure their ability to use somatosensory, visual, and vestibular information to control standing balance; (3) a perturbed double-leg stance test to assess the ability of the automatic motor system to quickly recover following an unexpected external disturbance; (4) the five times sit-to-stand test. Compared with low-vision subjects, the sighted elderly achieved higher peak torque-to-body weight ratios in concentric knee extension. The sighted elderly showed less body sway than the low vision and blind subjects in sensory conditions where they benefited from visual inputs to help them maintain standing balance. The sighted and low-vision subjects achieved smaller average body sway angles during forward and backward platform translations compared to the blind subjects. Low vision and blindness decrease balance control in elderly.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Chen EW,Fu AS,Chan KM,Tsang WWdoi
10.1007/s00421-011-2139-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
1631-6issue
5eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Prolonged immobilization of the human body results in functional impairments and musculoskeletal system deconditioning that may be attenuated by adequate muscle exercise. In a 56-day horizontal bed rest campaign involving voluntary males we investigated the effects of vibration muscle exercise (RVE, 2x6 min daily) on ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0160-6
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty healthy women aged between 65 and 74 years, trained three times a week, for 16 weeks, on a cycle ergometer, to determine the effects of dynamic resistance training on heart rate variability (HRV). Subjects were allocated to two training groups, high (HI, n=10) and low (LO, n=10) intensity. The HI group performe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0775-1
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:To investigate potential differences in the recruitment order of motor units (MUs) in the quadriceps femoris when electrical stimulation is applied over the quadriceps belly versus the femoral nerve. METHODS:M-waves and mechanical twitches were evoked using femoral nerve stimulation and direct quadriceps ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2736-2
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested the hypothesis that changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following maximal eccentric exercise would be smaller for the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) compared with the elbow flexors (EF) and extensors (EE). A total of 17 sedentary men performed five sets of six maximal isokinetic (90° s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1648-7
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this review is to explore existing research on the physiological aspects of difficult rock climbing. Findings will be categorized into the areas of an athlete profile and an activity model. An objective here is to describe high-level climbing performance; thus the focus will primarily be on studies that...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-1036-7
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatmax and lactate increase above baseline (LIAB) were measured in 11 adolescent girls and 8 adolescent boys during incremental cycling. Fatmax was the exercise intensity at the point of maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO). The LIAB was the exercise intensity coincident with a sustained increase in blood (lactate) above ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1453-3
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of shock attenuation during high-speed running. Maximal running speed was identified for each subject [n = 8 males, 25 (SD 4.6) years; 80 (8.9) kg; 1.79 (0.06) m] as the highest speed that could be sustained for about 20 s on a treadmill. During testing, ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0646-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and shoulder area are a major occupational concern in the European countries especially among elderly females. The aim was to assess these disorders based on quantitative EMG indicators and functional tests. 252 female computer users (45-68 years) were recruited from four European...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0042-3
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been well demonstrated that the principal factor responsible for oxidative damage during exercise is the increase in oxygen consumption. However, other theoretical factors (acidosis, catecholamine autoxidation, ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, etc.) that are known to induce, in vitro, oxidative damage may also be...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0767-1
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Bruce treadmill protocol is an often-used exercise test for children and adults. Few and mainly old normative data are available for young children. In this cross-sectional observational study we determined new reference values for the original Bruce protocol in children aged 4 and 5 years. Furthermore, we compare...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1236-x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive endurance exercise training (EEET) is accompanied by cardiac remodeling, changes in ventricular function and increased heart failure risk. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to blunt cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure progression in pre-clinical trials...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2270-z
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined changes in muscle buffer capacity (beta m(in vitro)), VO2peak and the lactate threshold (LT) after 5 weeks of high-intensity interval training (INT) above the LT or moderate-intensity continuous training (CON) just below the LT. Prior to and immediately after training, 16 female subjects performed a graded...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0068-6
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently demonstrated that electromyogram (EMG) amplitude of the frowning muscles correlates with perception of effort during leg-extension exercise. However, during aerobic exercise the relationship between facial EMG and perception of effort has never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to in...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2138-2
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is not known how the mode of exercise, dynamic and static exercises, affects the limb volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate hand and wrist volume (HWV) after dynamic and static handgrip exercise. Nine healthy subjects (age 31.8 +/- 7.3 years; height 172.0 +/- 5.7 cm; body mass 66.9 +/- 8.1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0672-3
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Oral L-citrulline (Cit) increases plasma L-arginine (Arg) concentration and the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO dilates blood vessels and potentially improves sports performance. The combination of oral Arg and Cit (Arg + Cit) immediately and synergistically increases plasma Arg and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) co...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04097-7
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trends in industry are leaning toward stereotyped jobs with low workloads. Physical variation is an intervention to reduce fatigue and potentially musculoskeletal disorders in such jobs. Controlled laboratory studies have provided some insight into the effectiveness of physical variation, but very few have been devote...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2375-z
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective was to determine the separate and combined effects of hypoxia and inactivity/unloading on sleep architecture during a 10-day period of confinement. METHODS:Ten subjects participated in three 10-day trials in random order: hypoxic ambulatory (HAMB), hypoxic bedrest (HBR), and normoxic bedrest (NBR...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2909-7
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to analyze the pedaling rate (PR) adopted by professional cyclists in different mountain passes. PR, heart rate (HR), velocity and power to overcome gravity were monitored during special (HM), 1st (M1), 2nd (M2) and 3rd (M3) category mountain passes. HM and M1 within high-mountain stages were...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0745-3
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate motor unit (MU) recruitment and firing rate, and the MU action potential (MUAP) characteristics of the human supraspinatus muscle during prolonged static contraction and subsequent recovery. Eight female subjects sustained a 30 degrees shoulder abduction, requiring 1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210000278
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Du Bois and Du Bois body surface area (BSA) equation is used widely to normalise physiological parameters. However, that only nine subjects were used in its derivation does not appear to be well known and does not justify its ubiquitous application. Furthermore, the derivation appears to be hampered by a lack of m...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210050679
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A routine method to determine total haemoglobin mass (tHb) in clinical practice and sports medicine is non-existent. Radioactive tracers or other dilution procedures like the common CO-rebreathing method (Proc(com)) are impractical, the latter in particular because of the relatively long time of respiration. According...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0050-3
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Locomotor muscle fatigue impairs exercise performance during time to exhaustion tests. However, its effect on self-regulation of power output (pacing) is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of locomotor muscle fatigue on pacing and time trial performance. METHODS:Ten healthy r...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2673-0
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence following activities with a high eccentric component. Alterations to the torque-velocity relationship following EIMD would appear to have serious implications for athletic performance, particularly as they relate to impairment of maximal intensity exercise. ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1357-9
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Swimming is a popular activity for Australian women with proven cardiovascular benefits yet lacks the features thought necessary to stimulate positive adaptive changes in bone. Given that peak bone mass is attained close to the end of the second decade, we asked whether swimming was negatively associated with bone min...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2305-5
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured diffusing capacity (DLCO), alveolar membrane properties (D (m)), capillary lung volume (V (c)), and alveolar volume (V (A) ) in 20 healthy subjects (12 males; age 32.4 +/- 13 (SD); BMI 21.7 +/- 3; non smokers) at total lung capacity (TLC) and at approximately 80, 60, and 40% TLC. In all subjects, D (m) inc...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0625-2
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the relation between femoral artery hyperemic responses to leg exercise and microvascular oxygen extraction in nine young [(mean +/- S.E.M) Y: 25 +/- 1 years] and 13 older (O: 67 +/- 1 years) healthy women. Femoral artery blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and femor...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0711-0
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to examine the effects of fluid replacement on thermoregulation and cycling performance in hot, humid conditions. Six male cyclists (PPO = 426 +/- 39 W) performed six 80 km time trials. Subjects replaced 0% (0); 33% (33); 66% (66); or 100% (100) of the weight lost during an "ad libitum" trial ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0876-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of exercise training (ET) on cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was investigated in 3-5 month-old mice lacking alpha(2A-) and alpha(2C-)adrenoceptors (alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO) that present heart failure (HF) and wild type control (WT). ET consisted of 8-week running sessions of 60 min, 5 days/week. In add...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0967-4
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effects on respiratory drive of two factors, one mechanical (lung volume) and one chemical (sensitivity to hypercapnia), that are involved in determining the breath-hold duration (BHD). Functional residual capacity was measured by helium dilution with the subject seated in ai...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100518
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to evaluate whether physiological strain is alleviated by a new personal cooling system (CS) consisting of a layered vest and integrated blower that generate a flow of air. Twelve male volunteers were exposed to climatic conditions of 40 degrees C, 40%RH (40/40), and 35 degrees...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0716-8
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
