Abstract：
:β-Cell nutrient sensing depends on mitochondrial function. Oxidation of nutrient-derived metabolites in the mitochondria leads to plasma membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) influx and insulin granule exocytosis. Subsequent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake further accelerates metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Nutrient activation also increases the mitochondrial matrix pH. This alkalinization is required to maintain elevated insulin secretion during prolonged nutrient stimulation. Together the mitochondrial Ca(2+) rise and matrix alkalinization assure optimal ATP synthesis necessary for efficient activation of the triggering pathway of insulin secretion. The sustained, amplifying pathway of insulin release also depends on mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals, which likely influence the generation of glucose-derived metabolites serving as coupling factors. Therefore, mitochondria are both recipients and generators of signals essential for metabolism-secretion coupling. Activation of these signaling pathways would be an attractive target for the improvement of β-cell function and the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
journal_name
Mol Cell Endocrinoljournal_title
Molecular and cellular endocrinologyauthors
Wiederkehr A,Wollheim CBdoi
10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-28 00:00:00pages
128-37issue
1-2eissn
0303-7207issn
1872-8057pii
S0303-7207(11)00396-0journal_volume
353pub_type
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