Abstract：
:New findings on Bisphenol A (BPA) contents in thermal printing papers, and receipts, in g/kg concentrations and on its dermal uptake (up to 60%) prompted us to assess the risk arising from dermal exposure. Using physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling, we simulated concentrations in blood, in liver and kidney, the target organs exhibiting the lowest no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL). By comparing organ concentrations at the dose level of the NOAEL divided by a safety factor of 100 (liver: 50μg/kg/day; kidney: 500μg/kg/day), with concentrations arising from the dermal dose of 0.97μg/kg/day (worst case assumption by Biedermann et al., 2010) this dermal exposure can be assumed safe. Additionally, based on the model simulations the high blood concentrations, reported earlier in the literature, are highly improbable because the related exposure levels are orders of magnitude higher than the currently estimated aggregate exposure levels.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Mielke H,Partosch F,Gundert-Remy Udoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.032subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-28 00:00:00pages
190-8issue
2-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(11)00198-6journal_volume
204pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The data obtained from in vitro systems utilizing human cells and tissues should form a basic part of the information necessary for risk assessment. The most important thing for such systems is, therefore, to simulate the structures and functions of cells and tissues in the native organ as closely as possible. In desi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(96)03721-6
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine remains a widely abused substance. While most addicts take cocaine intranasally, a considerable number abuse cocaine by mouth. It has been assumed that after oral exposure cocaine is hydrolyzed in the stomach rendering it ineffective. This study investigated the effect of orally administered cocaine on liver f...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00412-x
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Since a number of food and food products contain 2,4-hexadienal (HX), an unsaturated aldehyde, human exposure to HX is likely. Long term HX feeding to rodents induces forestomach cancers. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are key enzymes in the stomach for the metabolism of aldehydes. We examined the effect of short term...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00334-x
更新日期：2003-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The mutagenic potential of fluphenazine hydrochloride was tested on male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The criterion used was sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. Oregon-K males of D. melanogaster, reared on a medium containing 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/ml of the drug, were screened for sex-linked recessive le...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90050-8
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vincristine (VCR) is commonly used to treat a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors in pediatric and adult patients. However, peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect that leaves some patients with functional disability and long-term pain. Oxytocin (OT) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.008
更新日期：2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:An atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) method was successfully applied to analysis of urine for arsenic (As) as a measure of biological monitoring of occupational exposure to As in Vietnam. The application of the method to urine samples from 75 non-exposed control urbanites (after 2-day abstinence from sea food...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00087-9
更新日期：1999-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity may allow better cancer prevention. We examined whether variations in genes involved in base-excision (hOGG1, XRCC1) and double strand break (XRCC3) DNA repair contribute to inter-individual differences in genotoxic effects induced in ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.12.002
更新日期：2005-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A protective effect of preadministration of the metals Cu, Bi, Zn, Hg, Cd, Ni or Co, against lethal toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) was observed in mice. However, the protective effect seems not always to correlate with metallothionein (MT) levels in the liver and kidney of mice treated with...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90058-x
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structural analogy of paraquat with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) has been implied in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. The cross-reactivity of MPP+ to a specific antibody to paraquat was assessed by radioimmunoassay and was found to be very low. The results suggest that this polyclonal paraquat antibody ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90238-h
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, causes ototoxicity in a large percentage of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of epicatechin (EC) as an otoprotective agent to prevent cisplatin toxicity and to investigate the molecular mechanism of EC. The effects of EC on cisplatin-indu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.013
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is the key regulatory outcome of toxicity studies. With the introduction of "omics" technologies into toxicological research, the question arises as to how sensitive these technologies are relative to classical regulatory toxicity parameters. BASF SE a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.004
更新日期：2014-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing the disposition of 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) was developed in order to predict the urinary concentration of its major metabolite, butoxyacetic acid (BAA) under a range of exposure scenarios. Based on Corley et al. [Corley, R.A., Bormett, G.A., Ghanayem, B.I....
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.012
更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of zinc on the lipid components of carp erythrocytes (Cyprinus carpio L.) were studied on red blood cells exposed to ZnSO4 (0.01-1 mM) for 20 h. The temperatures of the incubation medium were 5 and 20 degrees C for carp collected in winter and summer, respectively. It was observed that increase in the conc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00066-8
更新日期：2002-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify a possible mechanism of zinc (Zn)-induced tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity on bone formation, femurs from 9-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 6 days by the roller-tube method in the presence of Cd (2, 4 or 9 microM) and/or Zn (60 microM). Zn prevented a decrease in bone growth caused by Cd at 4 and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90149-x
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lanthanides, because of their diversified physical and chemical effects, have been widely used in a number of fields. As a result, more and more lanthanides are entering into the environment and eventually accumulated in human body. Recently, a new medicine, lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol), has been used to treat chron...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.02.003
更新日期：2006-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Diethanolamine (DEA), a secondary amine found in a number of consumer products, reportedly induces liver tumors in mice. In an attempt to define the tumorigenic mechanism of DEA, N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) formation in vivo and development of choline deficiency were examined in mice. DEA was administered with or ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00197-6
更新日期：2000-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Determine uptake of furan, a potential human carcinogen, in waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smokers in home settings. METHODS:We analysed data from a US convenience sample of 50 exclusive WPT smokers, mean age 25.3 years, and 25 non-smokers, mean age 25.5 years. For WPT smokers, data were collected at a home visit ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.002
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Antioxidants of the vitamin E family have protective effects against metal toxicity. We examined the protective effect of racemic LLU-alpha [2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman] a metabolite of gamma-tocopherol, in comparison to the effect of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in rats treated with sodium dichro...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00368-x
更新日期：2001-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analysed liver angiosarcomas from individuals having been occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) to identify, in cancer-related genes, lesions which could be VC-specific. Two genetic alterations have been identified: the first one is a GGC --> GAT (Gly --> Asp, Asp13p21) mutation at codon 13 in the Ki-r...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00255-0
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of different chemical forms of mercury (Hg) was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes incubated with mercuric acetate (HgAc), mercuric diethyldithiocarbamate (Hg(DTC)2) or methyl mercuric chloride (MeHgCl), labelled with 203Hg. The uptake of Hg was linearly related to the concentration in the...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90105-7
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal widespreadly used in industrial field. Prior studies showed that Pb exposure had detrimental effects on osteoblasts. The mechanisms underlying Pb-induced damage are complex. Autophagy can protect cells from various cytotoxic stimuli. In the present study, the aim of our research was to...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.014
更新日期：2015-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Styrene-acrylonitrile trimer (SAN Trimer), a mixture of six isomers (four isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-alpha-methyl-1-naphthaleneacetonitrile [THAN] and two isomers of 4-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthaleneproprionitrile [THNP]), is a by-product of a specific production process of styrene-acrylonitrile poly...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.01.016
更新日期：2008-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanotoxins are now recognised by international and national health and environment agencies as significant health hazards. These toxins, and the cells which produce them, are also vulnerable to exploitation for illegitimate purposes. Cyanotoxins are increasingly being subjected to national and international guideline...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.011
更新日期：2006-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Fenvalerate (Fen), widely used for its high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity, is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Recently, Fen has received great attention for its adverse effects on human reproductive health. In this study, we found that Fen (10 microM) had a stimulatory effect on the g...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.004
更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical and histopathologic parameters of nephrotoxicity were measured in groups of male Fischer-344 rats after a 2-week, 5-days-a-week schedule of oral administration (0.5 ml/kg) of the following substances: aviation gasoline (grade 100) (AVG), automobile regular unleaded gasoline (ULG) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(88)90124-5
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA-damaging agents are commonly used as anticancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, such drugs induced DNA damages as well as DNA repair are important in mediating drug resistance to cancer treatments. To evaluate changes in DNA repair proteins that occur in DNA damage agent treatment, we challenged human A549 lung adeno...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.028
更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a disinfection by-product of chlorination of drinking water. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to CAN on fetal liver in mice. Based on an initial dose-response experiment, CAN (25mg/(kgday)) was given orally to pregnant mice at ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.867
更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetics and some effects of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) in humans. Nine male volunteers were experimentally exposed to 500ppm HFC-143a for 2h during light physical exercise (50W) in an exposure chamber. Blood, urine and exhaled air were sampled before, during and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.010
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dose-response curve obtained in toxicity testing is a mirror image of the susceptibility distribution in the treated population, i.e. it follows increasing tolerance of the individuals to the adverse effects of the chemical under investigation. Defining a dose as a maximum tolerated exposure level, therefore, spli...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00458-1
更新日期：2002-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of two polyamino-polycarboxylic acids, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and two thiol-chelating agents, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) on the excretion of manganese (Mn) in rabbits given Mn i.p. w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90180-0
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
