Abstract:
:The evolution of altruism is a fundamental and enduring puzzle in biology. In a seminal paper Hamilton showed that altruism can be selected for when rb - c > 0, where c is the fitness cost to the altruist, b is the fitness benefit to the beneficiary, and r is their genetic relatedness. While many studies have provided qualitative support for Hamilton's rule, quantitative tests have not yet been possible due to the difficulty of quantifying the costs and benefits of helping acts. Here we use a simulated system of foraging robots to experimentally manipulate the costs and benefits of helping and determine the conditions under which altruism evolves. By conducting experimental evolution over hundreds of generations of selection in populations with different c/b ratios, we show that Hamilton's rule always accurately predicts the minimum relatedness necessary for altruism to evolve. This high accuracy is remarkable given the presence of pleiotropic and epistatic effects as well as mutations with strong effects on behavior and fitness (effects not directly taken into account in Hamilton's original 1964 rule). In addition to providing the first quantitative test of Hamilton's rule in a system with a complex mapping between genotype and phenotype, these experiments demonstrate the wide applicability of kin selection theory.
journal_name
PLoS Bioljournal_title
PLoS biologyauthors
Waibel M,Floreano D,Keller Ldoi
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000615subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
e1000615issue
5eissn
1544-9173issn
1545-7885pii
10-PLBI-RA-9405R2journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PLOS BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Bacteriophage modulation of microbial populations impacts critical processes in ocean, soil, and animal ecosystems. However, the role of bacteriophages with RNA genomes (RNA bacteriophages) in these processes is poorly understood, in part because of the limited number of known RNA bacteriophage species. Here, we ident...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002409
更新日期:2016-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::The anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum uses glutamate decarboxylation to generate a transmembrane gradient of Na⁺. Here, we demonstrate that this ion-motive force is directly coupled to ATP synthesis, via an F₁F₀-ATP synthase with a novel Na⁺ recognition motif, shared by other human pathogens. Molecular model...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001596
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic st...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002021
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic dissemination employs both the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Solid tumors dynamically remodel and generate both vessel types during cancer progression. Lymphatic vessel invasion and cancer cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) are prognostic markers for breast cancer metastasis and patient o...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005907
更新日期:2018-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::The p75 neurotrophin receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is required as a co-receptor for the Nogo receptor (NgR) to mediate the activity of myelin-associated inhibitors such as Nogo, MAG, and OMgp. p45/NRH2/PLAIDD is a p75 homologue and contains a death domain (DD). Here we report th...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001918
更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002125.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002163
更新日期:2015-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::While multiple studies have reported the accelerated evolution of brain gene expression in the human lineage, the mechanisms underlying such changes are unknown. Here, we address this issue from a developmental perspective, by analyzing mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in two brain regions within macaques, chimpan...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001214
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The illusion of apparent motion can be induced when visual stimuli are successively presented at different locations. It has been shown in previous studies that motion-sensitive regions in extrastriate cortex are relevant for the processing of apparent motion, but it is unclear whether primary visual cortex (V1) is al...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030265
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hedgehog signaling is a determinant pathway for tumor progression. However, while inhibition of the Hedgehog canonical pathway-Patched-Smoothened-Gli-has proved efficient in human tumors with activating mutations in this pathway, recent clinical data have failed to show any benefit in other cancers, even though So...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001623
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002436.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002494
更新日期:2016-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria parasites possess the remarkable ability to maintain chronic infections that fail to elicit a protective immune response, characteristics that have stymied vaccine development and cause people living in endemic regions to remain at risk of malaria despite previous exposure to the disease. These traits stem fro...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000271
更新日期:2019-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular mechanisms by which floral homeotic genes act as major developmental switches to specify the identity of floral organs are still largely unknown. Floral homeotic genes encode transcription factors of the MADS-box family, which are supposed to assemble in a combinatorial fashion into organ-specific multim...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000090
更新日期:2009-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::While the role of cortical microstructure in organising neural function is well established, it remains unclear how structural constraints can give rise to more flexible elements of cognition. While nonhuman primate research has demonstrated a close structure-function correspondence, the relationship between microstru...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000284
更新日期:2019-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::The recent United States measles epidemic has sparked another contentious national discussion about childhood vaccination. A growing number of parents are expressing concerns about the safety of vaccines, often fueled by misinformation from the internet, books, and other nonmedical sources. Many of these concerned par...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002227
更新日期:2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic activity of GDP/GTP exchange factors (GEFs) is considered critical to maintain the typically high activity of Rho GTPases found in cancer cells. However, the large number of them has made it difficult to pinpoint those playing proactive, nonredundant roles in tumors. In this work, we have investigated wh...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001615
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Do malaria parasites enhance the attractiveness of humans to the parasite's vector? As such manipulation would have important implications for the epidemiology of the disease, the question has been debated for many years. To investigate the issue in a semi-natural situation, we assayed the attractiveness of 12 groups ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030298
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain is a debilitating problem, and insights in the neurobiology of chronic pain are needed for the development of novel pain therapies. A genome-wide association study implicated the 5p15.2 region in chronic widespread pain. This region includes the coding region for FAM173B, a functionally uncharacterized pr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2003452
更新日期:2018-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Courtship is a widespread behavior in which one gender conveys to the other a series of cues about their species identity, gender, and suitability as mates. In many species, females decode these male displays and either accept or reject them. Despite the fact that courtship has been investigated for a long time, the g...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001964
更新日期:2014-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::With the ability to measure thousands of related phenotypes from a single biological sample, it is now feasible to genetically dissect systems-level biological phenomena. The genetics of transcriptional regulation and protein abundance are likely to be complex, meaning that genetic variation at multiple loci will infl...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030267
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The survival of animals depends critically on prioritizing responses to motivationally salient stimuli. While it is generally believed that motivational salience increases decision speed, the quantitative relationship between motivational salience and decision speed, measured by reaction time (RT), remains unclear. He...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001811
更新日期:2014-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::The most common form of human autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP) is caused by mutations in the SPG4 (spastin) gene, which encodes an AAA ATPase closely related in sequence to the microtubule-severing protein Katanin. Patients with AD-HSP exhibit degeneration of the distal regions of the longest ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020429
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral cortex performs complex cognitive functions at the expense of tremendous energy consumption. Blood vessels in the brain are known to form stereotypic patterns that facilitate efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery. Yet little is known about how vessel development in the brain is normally regulated. Radial...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001469
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Citizen science is mainstream: millions of people contribute data to a growing array of citizen science projects annually, forming massive datasets that will drive research for years to come. Many citizen science projects implement a "leaderboard" framework, ranking the contributions based on number of records or spec...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000357
更新日期:2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) belongs to the AGC superfamily of related serine/threonine protein kinases. It is a key regulator downstream of various growth factors and hormones and is involved in malignant transformation and chemo-resistance. Full-length PKB protein has not been crystallised, thus studying the molecular...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000017
更新日期:2009-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Active sensing involves the fusion of internally generated motor events with external sensation. For rodents, active somatosensation includes scanning the immediate environment with the mystacial vibrissae. In doing so, the vibrissae may touch an object at any angle in the whisk cycle. The representation of touch and ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002253
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The deleterious effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on behavior and cognition are a concern in modern society. Persons at risk for impaired performance and health-related issues resulting from prolonged sleep loss would benefit from agents capable of reducing these detrimental effects at the time they are sleep dep...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030299
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecologically significant shift in developmental strategy from planktotrophic (feeding) to lecithotrophic (nonfeeding) development in the sea urchin genus Heliocidaris is one of the most comprehensively studied life history transitions in any animal. Although the evolution of lecithotrophy involved substantial chan...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002391
更新日期:2016-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::DEAD-box helicase proteins accelerate folding and rearrangements of highly structured RNAs and RNA-protein complexes (RNPs) in many essential cellular processes. Although DEAD-box proteins have been shown to use ATP to unwind short RNA helices, it is not known how they disrupt RNA tertiary structure. Here, we use sing...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001981
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic cells respond to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction pathway that communicates between the ER and the nucleus. In yeast, a large set of UPR target genes has been experimentally determined, but the previo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020246
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, the highly conserved U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) base-pairs to multiple sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) to promote early cleavage and folding events. Binding of the U3 box A region to the pre-rRNA is mutually exclusive with folding of the central pseudoknot (CPK), a universally conserved r...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002083
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00