Pharmacokinetic concepts revisited--basic and applied.

Abstract:

:Pathophysiological changes are common in critically ill patients, and can alter the time course of drug concentrations following dosing. The latter is termed pharmacokinetics (PK), and describes the relationship between dose administered and drug concentrations in plasma. Thus, modifications in PK necessitate dose adjustment, to optimize drug therapy in critical care. An understanding of basic PK principles is therefore required, to improve dosage guidelines in the population treated. Here, we define the key PK parameters, with specific application to critically ill patients. We then overview the methods used for PK analysis, in both research and in the clinical setting. Traditionally, non-compartmental and standard two-stage approaches have been used in small groups of patients with similar demographics and pathophysiology. However, these methods require intensive sampling, and do not explicitly describe inter-individual variability, or errors associated with measurement or sampling. Population PK (POPPK) modelling is advantageous in this regard, and can use both sparse and rich datasets to provide accurate estimates for between-subject variability (BSV). In addition, POPPK can explore patient parameter-covariate relationships, to account for some of the BSV in PK. This information is useful with assisting individualized dosing in the clinic. While the above methods are suitable for research, they are too time-consuming in the clinical setting, and Bayesian approaches have been adopted to optimize dosing. These methods, together with POPPK and appropriate study design are recommended for improved dosing in critical care.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Biotechnol

authors

Patel K,Kirkpatrick CM

doi

10.2174/138920111798808400

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1983-90

issue

12

eissn

1389-2010

issn

1873-4316

pii

BSP/CPB/E-Pub/000209-12-14

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Metabolic engineering in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.

    abstract::Higher plants produce diverse classes of metabolites. Metabolic engineering offers tremendous potential to improve the production and quality of these chemicals. This report summarizes the possibility of using metabolic engineering in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as morp...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920107781387438

    authors: Sato F,Inui T,Takemura T

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00

  • The Past, Present and Future Subclassification of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

    abstract::Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized as a heterogeneous disease where the patients are sub grouped according to several classification systems and mutational analyses. Diagnosis of AML is based on identification of the specific myeloid cell initiating the disease, quantification of immature blasts in bone mar...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1389201016666150907113653

    authors: Forthun RB,Hinrichs C,Dowling TH,Bruserud Ø,Selheim F

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Antibacterial and Potential Antidiabetic Activities of Flavone C-glycosides Isolated from Beta vulgaris Subspecies cicla L. var. Flavescens (Amaranthaceae) Cultivated in Egypt.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease in Egypt. In this context, Beta vulgaris subspecies cicla L. var. flavescens is an edible plant that has been used in traditional medicine as a therapy for treating some diseases. OBJECTIVES:The current study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and potent...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201020666190613161212

    authors: Mohammed HS,Abdel-Aziz MM,Abu-Baker MS,Saad AM,Mohamed MA,Ghareeb MA

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Evolving cancer pain treatments: rational approaches to improve the quality of life for cancer patients.

    abstract::Most cancer patients will experience moderate to severe pain and/or neuropathy during the course of their disease. Recent improvements in the primary treatment of cancer have increased the life span of cancer patients, but not necessarily their quality of life (QoL). The pain and suffering cancer patients experience m...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920111798357267

    authors: Knopp KL,Nisenbaum ES,Arneric SP

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • Hydrolyzates of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) protein is a new source of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIP).

    abstract::Silkworm pupae protein is a good source of high quality protein. The hydrolyzates of silkworm pupae protein catalyzed by neutrase, pepsin, acidic protease (Asperqiius usamii NO. 537), flavourzyme, alcalase, and trypsin with inhibitory activity on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were identified by HPLC. The hydro...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138920108785161578

    authors: Wang W,Shen S,Chen Q,Tanga B,He G,Ruan H,Das UN

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Ampicillin-augmented silver nanoparticles for synergistic antimicrobial response: A promising therapeutic approach.

    abstract:AIMS:Globally Scientists are working to find more efficient antimicrobial drugs to treat microbial infections and kill drug-resistant bacteria. BACKGROUND:Despite the availability of numerous antimicrobial drugs bacterial infections still poses a serious threat to global health. Due to a constant decline in the effect...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201022666210119101522

    authors: Khan K,Qureshi MA,Azam A,Moinuddin,Musarrat J,Javed S

    更新日期:2021-01-18 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Chest Clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is also a rise in transmission of resi...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201021666200226100242

    authors: Oyedeji GJ,Adeyemo C,Dissou A,Abiodun T,Alli OAT,Onaolapo OJ,Onaolapo AY,Adesiji Y,Olowe OA

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • LXR-agonists regulate ApoM expression differentially in liver and intestine.

    abstract::Apolipoprotein M (apoM) has been suggested to play a role in reverse cholesterol transport. Here we studied the influence of liver X-receptor (LXR) agonist on the transcriptional regulation of apoM. Studies were performed in murine liver and intestinal mucosal cells in vivo and in human intestinal Caco-2 cells in vitr...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138920108786786376

    authors: Calayir E,Becker TM,Kratzer A,Ebner B,Panzenböck U,Stefujl J,Kostner GM

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Current Advances in Food Science & Health Promotion (Part I).

    abstract:: ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.2174/138920101913190108104855

    authors: Giaginis C

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • ESR1, ESR2 and FSH receptor gene polymorphisms in combination: a useful genetic tool for the prediction of poor responders.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Previous studies in humans concluded that a multigenic model including specific FSHR, ESR1 and ESR2 genotype patterns may partially explain the poor response to FSH. The aim of our study is to analyse three different loci -polymorphisms in ESR1 Pvu II, ESR2 Rsa I and Ser680Asn FSH receptor gene- in a Greek popu...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138920112799361891

    authors: Anagnostou E,Mavrogianni D,Theofanakis C,Drakakis P,Bletsa R,Demirol A,Gurgan T,Antsaklis A,Loutradis D

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Relationship between SNP rs1764391 and Susceptibility, Risk Factors, Gene-environment Interactions of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Guangxi Han Chinese Population.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Large-scale population studies showed that the SNP rs1764391 of Connexin37 gene also known as Cx37 gene may play a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Published results, however, are highly controversial. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine the association ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201019666191003150015

    authors: Li J,Qin R,Wang W,Huang Z,Huang DL,Li T,Wang F,Zeng XT,Sun ZY,Liu XF,Huang F,Guo T

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key Features You Need to be Aware of.

    abstract::Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a form of adult stem cells, are known to have a self-renewing property and the potential to specialize into a multitude of cells and tissues such as adipocytes, cartilage cells, and fibroblasts. MSCs can migrate and home to the desired target zone where inflammation is present. The uniqu...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201021666200907121530

    authors: Saeedi M,Nezhad MS,Mehranfar F,Golpour M,Esakandari MA,Rashmeie Z,Ghorbani M,Nasimi F,Hoseinian SN

    更新日期:2020-09-07 00:00:00

  • Plant derived silver nanoparticles and its therapeutic applications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Nanotechnology involves the synthesis of materials that are in nanometre sizes (1 to 100 nm). Nanotechnology has appeared as a new area of fundamental science and is getting worldwide consideration due to its extensive applications. They have exceptional physicochemical properties due to their unique size, s...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201021666201027155708

    authors: Roy A

    更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00

  • Advances in coronary stent technology--active drug-loaded stent surfaces for prevention of restenosis and improvement of biocompatibility.

    abstract::Beyond their originally sole mechanical function, current drug-eluting stents (DES) implement the concept of local drug delivery for the re-opening of stenotic arterial vessels, and for prevention of in-stent restenosis as one of the major limitations of conventional bare metal stents (BMS). Current DES consist of a p...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Sternberg K,Grabow N,Petersen S,Weitschies W,Harder C,Ince H,Kroemer HK,Schmitz KP

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Physical activity interferes with the immunomodulatory effect of the antineoplastic drug NSC631570.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of moderate physical exercise on the response of circulating phagocytes to the antineoplastic drug NSC 631570. METHODS:Eight healthy adult men aged 23 ± 2 years were recruited to participate in the study; NSC 631570 was administered i.v. in a single therapeutic ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201015666141113125358

    authors: Skivka LM,Fedorchuk OG,Susak YM,Susak MY,Malanchuk OM,Rudyk MP,Nowicky YW

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Platelet-rich plasma induces mixed osteogenic/osteoclastogenic phenotype in osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells: role of TGF-beta.

    abstract::Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to promote tissue repair and accelerate osteogenesis, but there is no agreement about its mechanism of action. We characterized the modulatory effect of PRP on the in vitro osteoblast model SaOS-2, by using cell motility/chemoattraction and osteogenesis/mineralization assays, ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201015666140604121407

    authors: Martinotti S,Mazzucco L,Balbo V,Patrone M,Mozzati M,Ranzato E,Burlando B

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Carbon monoxide--toxicity of low-dose application.

    abstract::Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been considered a purely toxic by-product of incomplete combustion processes. Acute exposure to high concentrations of CO is one of the leading causes of fatal poisoning in industrial countries. However, after two decades of intensive research, there is ample evidence that CO endogenously...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920112800399103

    authors: Schmidt R,Ryan H,Hoetzel A

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Tracking cell signaling protein expression and phosphorylation by innovative proteomic solutions.

    abstract::The most challenging and fruitful biomedical research endeavor of this decade will be the mapping of cell signaling systems and establishing their linkages to normal and disease-related processes. Amongst other things, the Human Genome Sequencing Project has greatly facilitated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identificati...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1389201043489666

    authors: Pelech S

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibitory Mechanisms of CME-1, a Novel Polysaccharide from the Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis, in Platelet Activation.

    abstract::Objective: CME-1 is a polysaccharide purified from the mycelia of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis, its molecular weight was determined to be 27.6 kDa by using nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The initiation of arterial thromboses is relevant to various cardiovascular diseases ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Chang YI,Hsu WH,Lu WJ,Jayakumar T,Liao JC,Lin MJ,Wang SH,Geraldine P,Lin KH,Sheu JR

    更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00

  • Use of transgenic mouse models to understand the origins of familial pulmonary fibrosis.

    abstract::Pulmonary fibrosis is an unremitting degenerative lung disease that has an associated high mortality. The major pathological features include the growth of fibroblasts, emergence of myofibroblasts and their production of extracellular matrix that distorts the peripheral lung tissue and impairs respiratory function. Ef...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920111798281045

    authors: Glasser SW,Senft AP

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Nutraceuticals--an emerging era in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

    abstract::Foods and nutrients play a vital role in normal functioning of the body. They are helpful in maintaining the health of the individual and in reducing the risk of various diseases. Worldwide acceptance of this fact formed a recognition link between "nutrition" and "health" and the concept of "nutraceuticals" was evolve...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920106775789647

    authors: Ramaa CS,Shirode AR,Mundada AS,Kadam VJ

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Analgesic effects and assays of controlled-release tramadol and o-desmethyltramadol in cancer patients with pain.

    abstract:AIM OF THE STUDY:To assess tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) concentrations and their correlations with analgesia in patients with cancer pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Thirty opioid-naive patients with nociceptive pain intensity on VAS (visual analogue scale) > 40 received controlled-release tramadol as the first (15...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138920111794295738

    authors: Leppert W,Mikolajczak P

    更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00

  • Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer Treatment.

    abstract::Tumor immune surveillance paradigm presumes that most pre-malignant cells or early malignant lesions can be eliminated (or at least controlled) by cells of the immune system. A critical feature that distinguishes advanced tumors from early neoplastic lesions is their capability to evade immune control. As a consequenc...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1389201016666150619114554

    authors: Klener P Jr,Otáhal P,Lateckova L,Klener P

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical experience with gene therapy and bispecific antibodies for T cell-based therapy of cancer.

    abstract::Unlike any other cell type, T cells have a unique potential to eliminate cancer cells and to eventually cure cancer patients. As a result, researchers have made extensive efforts over the past three decades to develop therapeutics with the potential to mount T cell responses against cancer cells. One way in which such...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920112800785005

    authors: Baeuerle PA,Itin C

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • Techniques and strategies to analyze neural progenitor cell migration.

    abstract::One of the most surprising aspects of neural development is that cells do not remain in their birthplace but actively migrate along a variety of routes to their final destinations. This review traces past, present, and future techniques used to analyze progenitor cell migration in the brain, and also discusses their r...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920107780906513

    authors: Comte I,Tran PB,Szele FG

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxic effects of ecstasy.

    abstract::3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a worldwide illegally used amphetamine-derived designer drug known to be hepatotoxic to humans. Jaundice, hepatomegaly, centrilobular necrosis, hepatitis and fibrosis represent some of the adverse effects caused by MDMA in the liver. Although there is irrefutable ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920110791591535

    authors: Carvalho M,Pontes H,Remião F,Bastos ML,Carvalho F

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Statins in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

    abstract::3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) are drugs active in the blockade of cholesterol synthesis and thus lowering cholesterol serum levels. Since their discovery, experimental evidence showed that statins strongly reduced atherogenesis and the risk of acute ischem...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920112798868737

    authors: Montecucco F,Quercioli A,Mirabelli-Badenier M,Viviani GL,Mach F

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunogenicity assessment of therapeutic proteins and peptides.

    abstract::Assessment of immunogenicity is a major aspect in evaluating the safety of biological therapeutic proteins. It is important to evaluate the immunogenic potential of the biologics in an appropriate fashion using clearly defined strategy and clinical trials. The studies must include the appropriate risk assessment proce...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138920109788488860

    authors: Kaliyaperumal A,Jing S

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic potential of non-coding RNAs and TLR signalling pathways in Rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common connective tissue disease, characteristic of chronic and invasive synovitis in single or multiple joints and vasculitis. RA is a heterogeneous disease with unclear pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is essential for identifyin...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201021666201001142829

    authors: Liu J,Wang X,Wang S,Liu F

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic activities of oxymatrine determined by a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxymatrine is one of the most promising alkaloids from Sophora flavescens for its excellent pharmacological effects. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this research is to assess the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic activities of oxymatrine, and clarify its mechanisms of absorption and metabolism. METHODS:The biolo...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1389201022666210118160529

    authors: Wang HQ,Chen FH,Wang L,Chi LQ,Wang GH

    更新日期:2021-01-18 00:00:00