Abstract:
:We summarize the results of a field and laboratory research program (1999-2006) in the Aleutian Islands on the origins of the inhabitants of the archipelago and the genetic structure of these populations. The Aleuts show closest genetic affinity to the contemporary Siberian Eskimos and Chukchi of Chukotka and differ significantly from the populations of Kamchatka (the terminus of the archipelago) and Alaskan Eskimos. Our findings support the hypothesis that the ancestors of the Aleuts crossed Beringia and expanded westerly into the islands approximately 9,000 years ago. The Monmonier algorithm indicates genetic discontinuity between contemporary Kamchatkan populations and western Aleut populations, suggesting that island hopping from Kamchatka into the western Aleutian Islands was highly unlikely. The primary determinant of the distribution of genes throughout the archipelago is geography. The most intimate relationship exists between the genetics (based on mtDNA sequences and intermatch/mismatch distances) and geographic distances (measured in kilometers). However, the Y-chromosome haplogroup frequencies are not significantly correlated with the geography of the Aleutian Islands. The underlying patterns of precontact genetic structure based on Y-chromosome markers of the Aleut populations is obscured because of the gene flow from Russian male colonizers and Scandinavian and English fishermen. We consider alternative theories about the peopling of the Americas from Siberia. In addition, we attempt a synthesis between archaeological and genetic data for the Aleutian Islands.
journal_name
Hum Bioljournal_title
Human biologyauthors
Crawford MH,Rubicz RC,Zlojutro Mdoi
10.3378/027.082.0511subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
695-717issue
5-6eissn
0018-7143issn
1534-6617journal_volume
82pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章相关文献
HUMAN BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at codons 2488 (XbaI), 3611 (MspI), and 4154 (EcoRI) of the apolipoprotein B gene were investigated in sample groups from Athens (Greece) and Calabria (southern Italy) to verify whether the distribution of the APOB gene variants in Calabria, where Greek colonization oc...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth is a complex process composed of distinct phases over the course of childhood. Although the pubertal growth spurt has received the most attention from auxologists and pediatricians, the midchildhood growth spurt has been less well studied. The midchildhood growth spurt refers to a relatively small increase in g...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/1534-6617-80.6.623
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluate the blood pressure profile in relation to selected biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors among the Lepchas, a tribal population of Asian origin inhabiting the Dzongu area of northern Sikkim. The results show that mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of Lepcha adults (aged 19 years and ol...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 promoter region have been associated with diseases. In this study we investigated the -634G/C and -174G/C IL-6 promoter polymorphisms in three Brazilian ethnic groups. We verified that the allele frequencies of the two polymorphisms and haplotype frequencies varied significantly betw...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0061
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematocrit values are normally higher in natives living at high altitude than in natives living at sea level. Here, we have determined the hematocrit levels in relation to adrenal androgens in children living at altitudes of 150 m and 3400 m above sea level. The data demonstrate no association between serum adrenal an...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reanalysis of the family growth study of Pearson and Lee (1903) leads to an explanation of the inheritance of height other than the one that has been offered until now. By acknowledging that the father may be incorrectly identified, this new analysis provides a more relevant explanation of the data: it fits parallel...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteometric measurements of the femur are consistently used to estimate stature, sex, and race in constructing demographic profiles. The presence of positive or negative changes in the size of the maximum vertical diameter of the femoral head could potentially affect the validity of such profiles. Additionally, change...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.88.1.0047
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GM and KM immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes have been tested in 310 autochthonous Basques from the three subpopulations of Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, and Alava, Spain. They are compared with allotypes occurring in autochthonous French Basques, some Pyrenean subpopulations in France, and European populations. The analysis suggest...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preston's two-census method of demographic estimation is applied to three pairs of reconstructed censuses from the records of a migrating Mennonite church congregation covering the period 1780-1890. The three pairs of censuses correspond to three periods (1780-1790, 1850-1860, and 1880-1890) and to stays in three sett...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surnames of parents and grandparents were collected from 1993 children in the primary schools of the thirteen Italo-Greco communes that lie in two areas, four communes in Reggio Calabria in the "toe" of Italy and nine in Lecce in the "heel." The coefficients of relationship by isonymy show almost no relationship betwe...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the gene frequency distributions for 29 different blood group, serum, and erythrocytic proteins for three Mennonite communities from Kansas and Nebraska and compare their gene frequencies with those of Amish, Hutterite, and Mennonite populations using the topological method of Harpending and Jenkins (1973)...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radical improvement in living conditions experienced in Italy during the last century caused a reduction in male extra-mortality during the prereproductive years. As a consequence, a progressive increase in the sex ratio at the beginning of the reproductive age (15-19 years) occurred, so that in recent times the s...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0014
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::I describe the developmental, metric, morphologic, and pathologic features of deciduous dentition in a terminal Late Archaic (c. 3000 B.P.) Native American population in Ohio. Development of deciduous dentition in this Late Archaic population is stable with little sequence variation. The pattern of development (ldc, l...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This address is a tribute to a pioneer of population genetics, including human population genetics. The unique methodology employed by Sewall Wright in many genetic problems is the method of path coefficients. This essay traces the historical landmarks in the development of the path method and then shows how some of t...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polymorphism of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was studied in 118 unrelated Greeks (from northern Greece) using total blood cell DNA and the restriction enzymes HpaI, BamHI, HaeII, MspI, AvaII, and HincII. One new morph was identified for MspI (named MspI morph 18Gr) and is the result of a mutation in a previousl...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Norse and Celtic contributions to the founding population of Iceland have been estimated previously on a pan-Icelandic basis using gene frequency data for the entire island. Accounts of the settlement of Iceland, however, suggest that different regions received different proportions of Norse and Celtic settlers, i...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent cloning of RH genes has elucidated their structure, suggesting that RH proteins are part of an oligomeric complex with transport function in the erythrocyte. This observation prompted us to investigate a possible relationship between the RH system and the glycosylated hemoglobin level (Hb A(1c)) in diabetes. Th...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Comorian population is historically considered a blend of influences from African Bantus, Arabs, and possibly Austronesians. In this study we present the first genetic data on the current Comorian population. Serologic analysis of the six major blood group systems (ABO, RH, KEL, FY, JK, and MNS) was performed on 1...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0053
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the inhabitants of South Tyrol in the eastern Italian Alps can be considered isolated populations because of their physical separation by mountain barriers and their sociocultural heritage. We analyzed the genetic structure of South Tyrolean populations using three types of genetic markers: Y-chromosome, mitoc...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0057
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic surveys of the population of Britain conducted by Weale et al. and Capelli et al. produced estimates of the Germani immigration into Britain during the early Anglo-Saxon period, c.430-c.730. These estimates are considerably higher than the estimates of archaeologists. A possible explanation suggests that a...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.083.0604
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mismatch distribution is a tabulation of the number of pairwise differences among all DNA sequences in a sample. In a population that has been stationary for a long time these distributions from nonrecombinant DNA sequences become ragged and erratic, whereas a population that has been growing generates mismatch dist...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that the relationship between human genes and language is very complex and multifaceted. This has its roots in the “regular” complexity governing the interplay among genes and between genes and environment for most phenotypes, but with the added layer of supraontogenetic and supra-individual p...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.083.0208
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze the possible effect of gene flow on the genetic structure of present-day Mexicans. For this purpose we reviewed previous admixture estimates for various Indian and Mestizo groups. Several facts seem clear: (1) There are no pure Indian groups in Mexico, because all Indian groups show variable degrees of admi...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous attempts to classify South American Indian tribes according to genetic characteristics have failed to yield a hierarchical system of relationships. This can be explained by the facts that (1) tribal populations did not evolve through sequential fissions but through frequent fusions of groups with diverse hist...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine mortality and fertility patterns of aboriginal (primarily Evenki and Keto) and Russian (i.e., nonaboriginal) populations from the Baykit District of Central Siberia for the period 1982-1994. Mortality rates in the aboriginal population of Baykit are substantially greater than those observed in the Russians ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the origin of sickle cell mutation in different ethnic groups living in southern Iran, we studied the haplotype background of the betaS and betaA genes in subjects from the provinces of Fars, Khuzestan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Kerman and from the islands of Khark and Qeshm. beta-globin gene cluster haplot...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0016
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although anthropometric information on South American Indian populations has been collected for many years, remarkably little is known about age-related changes in their body size in adulthood. The lack of baseline information on the normal pattern of aging among Amerindian adults hinders investigations into the healt...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0031
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several epidemiological studies have established that elevated serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, and restenosis of coronary lesions in white and Asian populations. Serum Lp(a) levels vary over a 1000-fold range among individuals and are under strict g...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the same reproductive span, more children with shorter interbirth intervals and less parental attention per child should not do as well. There should be intermediate optima in family sizes, but only two studies have demonstrated optima. The goal here is to determine whether the relationship between fitness and f...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0010
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 3925 individuals in 961 families to determine the mode of inheritance of overweight. As an index of overweight, we examined body mass index. Our analyses indicate that the most likely genetic model for susceptibility to overweight included moderate polygenic inheritance (34% of variance resulting from many ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00