Determinants of mercaptopurine toxicity in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia maintenance therapy.

abstract：:Children are not small adults. However, the main thesis of this review will be that children's responses to drugs have much in common with the responses in adults and indeed in other mammals. Often, it is assumed that drug effects differ in children but in reality this perception often arises because the drugs have no...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Stephenson T

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review of all medication incidents reported to the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) in England in Wales between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 was undertaken. The 526,186 medication incident reports represented 9.68% of all patient safety incidents. Medication incidents from acute general hospitals...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Cousins DH,Gerrett D,Warner B

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The safety of trial subjects is the tenet that guides the regulatory assessment of a Clinical Trial Authorization application and applies equally to trials involving small molecules and those with biological/biotechnological products, including Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. The objective of a regulator is to en...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Jones DR,McBlane JW,McNaughton G,Rajakumaraswamy N,Wydenbach K

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Six healthy male human volunteers of mean age 30.8 years (range 23-37) were given single oral doses of xamoterol (20, 50, 100 or 250 mg) and placebo with a 1 week interval between each dose. Xamoterol produced a significant decrease in systolic time intervals (QS2I, LVETI and PEPI) and a significant increase in sys...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： James MA,Papouchado M,Channer KS,Jones JV,Marlow HF,Bastain W,Barker NP,Harry JD,Wardleworth AG

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The effects of sodium octanoate and sodium salicylate on the rectal absorption of cefoxitin were investigated in healthy volunteers. Drug solutions were given either as a bolus or as a zero-order infusion. 2. On rectal infusion sodium octanoate and sodium salicylate both enhanced mean cefoxitin bioavailability (+/-...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Van Hoogdalem EJ,Wackwitz AT,De Boer AG,Cohen AF,Breimer DD

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication in critically ill patients that has a negative impact on patient outcomes. Critically ill patients have significantly lower plasma anti-factor-Xa activity levels compared with control patients after administration of subcutaneous...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Gouya G,Palkovits S,Kapiotis S,Madl C,Locker G,Stella A,Wolzt M,Heinz G

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro immunosuppressive effect of deflazacort, a new bone-sparing glucocorticoid, and its biologically active metabolite, 21-deacetyl-deflazacort, was examined on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as on natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cell activity. Deflaza...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Langhoff E,Olgaard K

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:We compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib (CTC) vs. each reference product (alone and in open combination) after single (first dose) and multiple dosing. METHODS:Healthy adults aged 18-50 years received, under fasted conditions, 15 twice-daily doses of the following treatmen...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Videla S,Lahjou M,Vaqué A,Sust M,Escriche M,Soler L,Sans A,Sicard E,Gascón N,Encina G,Plata-Salamán C

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten healthy volunteers were treated for 4 days with 160 mg propranolol HCl and placebo in random order. At the end of each treatment salivary antipyrine kinetics and the plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of paracetamol and its major metabolites were measured following a 1500 mg oral dose. Propranolol prolonged the...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Baraka OZ,Truman CA,Ford JM,Roberts CJ

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1 The effect of RX 72601, neostigmine plus atropine, or saline on neuromuscular blockade with (+)-tubocurarine was studied in a double blind trial in four healthy male volunteers. 2 The methods used to assess neuromuscular function were voluntary grip strength and indirectly evoked muscle twitches. The muscarinic acti...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Dettmar PW,Metcalf G,Smith MH,Gillett GB,Hedges A,Richens A

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:The aim was to examine relationships between total and unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) and prednisolone exposure and clinical outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS:Six blood samples were drawn pre- and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-dose and total and unbound MPA and prednisolone pre-dose (C0 ), maximum ...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Abd Rahman AN,Tett SE,Abdul Gafor HA,McWhinney BC,Staatz CE

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that vigabatrin (VGB) decreases serum phenytoin (PHT) concentration by lowering the oral bioavailability of PHT was investigated in 21 patients with epilepsy. Each patient was switched from oral to intravenous PHT for 5 days before and after combined treatment with VGB. After VGB (2-3.5 g day(-1) for a...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Gatti G,Bartoli A,Marchiselli R,Michelucci R,Tassinari CA,Pisani F,Zaccara G,Timmings P,Richens A,Perucca E

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:Drug-drug interactions between antimalarial and antiretroviral drugs may influence antimalarial treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential drug-drug interactions between the antimalarial drugs, lumefantrine, artemether and their respective metabolites desbutyl-lumefantrine and dihydr...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Hoglund RM,Byakika-Kibwika P,Lamorde M,Merry C,Ashton M,Hanpithakpong W,Day NP,White NJ,Äbelö A,Tarning J

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise in plasma adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate occurring in response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in normal human subjects, was abolished by non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade but unaffected by selective beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade. This implies that the rise is secondary to beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulatio...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Armitstead JG,Lightman SL,Brown MJ,Causon RC,Vaughan NJ

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT * Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the enzyme responsible for the elimination of approximately 80% of the administered dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). * Mutations in the DPD-coding gene have been shown to increase the risk of severe toxicity in 5-FU treated patients. * T...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Paré L,Paez D,Salazar J,Del Rio E,Tizzano E,Marcuello E,Baiget M

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mirabegron is used for the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder syndrome. It selectively stimulates the β3 -adrenoreceptor, which relaxes the detrusor muscle. This improves urine storage by distension of the bladder body. ...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Goulooze SC,Cohen AF,Rissmann R

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is recognised that randomised controlled trials are not feasible for capturing rare adverse events. There is an increasing trend towards observational research methodologies using large population-based health databases. These databases offer more scope for adequate sample sizes, allowing for comprehensive patient ...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Chan EW,Liu KQ,Chui CS,Sing CW,Wong LY,Wong IC

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:To characterize the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes responsible for the N-demethylation of sildenafil to its main metabolite, UK-103 320, to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of sildenafil on CYP enzymes and to evaluate the potential of selected drugs to affect sildenafil metabolism. METHODS:The metaboli...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Hyland R,Roe EG,Jones BC,Smith DA

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aspirin on platelet function as measured by the 'classical' template bleeding time with a new ex vivo method measuring closure times using the PFA-100 machine. Platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid was also measured ex vivo. METHODS:The trial was ...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Marshall PW,Williams AJ,Dixon RM,Growcott JW,Warburton S,Armstrong J,Moores J

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small GTPases of the Rho family and their down-stream effectors Rho associated kinases (ROCKs) are the molecules that converge a spectrum of pathophysiological signals triggered by the diabetic milieu and represent promising molecular targets for nephroprotective treatment in diabetes. The review discusses recent stud...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Komers R

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of a single 0.5 mg oral dose of the triazolobenzodiazepine hypnotic triazolam, were studied in 54 healthy young men aged 20-44 years, with a mean body weight of 77 kg. Triazolam kinetics were determined from multiple plasma concentrations measured during 14 h post-dose. The overall mean +/- s.e. mean (wit...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Friedman H,Greenblatt DJ,Burstein ES,Harmatz JS,Shader RI

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Maraviroc, a noncompetitive antagonist of the CCR5 coreceptor, was recently approved in the USA as a treatment of HIV infection. For antiretroviral agents that target the virus, antiviral effect can be related to some extent to plasma drug concentrations. For CCR5 antagonists that target the host cells, rece...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Rosario MC,Jacqmin P,Dorr P,James I,Jenkins TM,Abel S,van der Ryst E

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:To investigate the association between risk of lupus and exposure to selected drugs implicated in risk of lupus in a number of case reports. METHODS:In this matched nested case-control study we utilized primary care data from the UK General Practice Research Database recorded between 1987 and 2001. Cases with at l...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Schoonen WM,Thomas SL,Somers EC,Smeeth L,Kim J,Evans S,Hall AJ

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:To examine the hypothesis that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that inhibits cGMP breakdown, could enhance nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and reverse endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers. METHODS:Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and forearm postischemic reactive hyperemia (...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Dishy V,Harris PA,Pierce R,Prasad HC,Sofowora G,Bonar HL,Wood AJ,Stein CM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of clobazam taken 3 h before, during, and 3 h after a standard hospital meal were studied in six healthy volunteers. Peak plasma levels were significantly lower when the drug was taken with or after meals suggesting that the rate of absorption was reduced by food. The mean area under the concentration vs ...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Cenraud B,Guyot M,Levy RH,Brachet-Liermain A,Morselli PL,Moreland TA,Loiseau P

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of sulindac to modify the weal response to four doses of intradermal bradykinin in subjects given enalapril was tested in a double-blind cross-over study in normal volunteers. The dose-dependent increase in skin thickness after bradykinin was significantly reduced by prior administration of sulindac. Certa...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Ferner RE,Kamali F,Rawlins MD

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. We have tested the hypothesis that the fall in hepatic mass with age influences the age related increase in sensitivity to warfarin. In 39 otherwise healthy outpatients, aged 50-87 years, stabilised on warfarin for prophylaxis of thromboembolism, age, mean International Normalised Ratio (INR), and mean warfarin dos...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Wynne H,Cope L,Kelly P,Whittingham T,Edwards C,Kamali F

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure-response (ER) analysis has emerged as an important tool to interpret QT data from thorough QT (TQT) studies and allows the prediction of effects in the targeted patient population. Recently, ER analysis has also been applied to data from early clinical pharmacology studies, such as single and multiple ascendi...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Darpo B,Garnett C

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is rare compared to the worldwide frequent acute or chronic liver diseases. Therefore, patients included in series of suspected DILI are at high risk of not having DILI, whereby alternative causes may confound the DILI diagnosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate published case...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： Teschke R,Danan G

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIMS:Drug disposition in children may vary from adults due to age-related variation in drug metabolism. Microdose studies present an innovation to study pharmacokinetics (PK) in paediatrics; however, they should be used only when the PK is dose linear. We aimed to assess dose linearity of a [14 C]midazolam microdose, b...

journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology

authors： van Groen BD,Vaes WH,Park BK,Krekels EHJ,van Duijn E,Kõrgvee LT,Maruszak W,Grynkiewicz G,Garner RC,Knibbe CAJ,Tibboel D,de Wildt SN,Turner MA

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00