Abstract：
:Maintenance of cellular homeostasis influences ageing and it is determined by several factors, including efficient proteolysis of damaged proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major protein degradation pathway in the cell. Specifically, the proteasome is responsible for clearance of abnormal, denatured or in general damaged proteins as well as for the regulated degradation of short-lived proteins. In this review the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in protein degradation at different levels of cellular life is discussed in relation with ageing. Though the exact underlying mechanism is unclear, an age-related decrease in proteasome activity weakens cellular capacity to remove oxidatively modified proteins and favours the development of diseases. Up-regulation of proteasome activity is characteristic of muscle wasting conditions, but may not be rate limiting. Meanwhile, enhanced presence of immunoproteasomes in ageing brain and muscle tissue could reflect a persistent inflammatory defence and anti-stress mechanism. Insulin/IGF-1 signalling regulates ageing in worms, flies and mammals. The insulin/IGF-1 receptor inhibits the forkhead transcription factor, FoxO through activating a cascade of conserved kinases. Longevity increases when FoxO becomes activated in response to reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in signal transduction associated with stress and ageing. The understanding of specific proteolytic targeting paves the way for a new generation of active molecules that may control particular steps of normal and pathological ageing.
journal_name
Gen Comp Endocrinoljournal_title
General and comparative endocrinologyauthors
Löw Pdoi
10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-15 00:00:00pages
39-43issue
1eissn
0016-6480issn
1095-6840pii
S0016-6480(11)00051-7journal_volume
172pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, were used in a series of experiments to determine a possible role for calcitonin in plasma and urine electrolyte balance. Individual animals were anaesthetised and implanted with polythene cannulae for monitoring blood pressure and for infusion/injection. Urine was collected by manual palpat...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(88)90297-3
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone (GH) is a key factor controlling postnatal growth and development. Despite growth-promoting effects in mammals, GH is not associated with muscle growth in the chicken. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) has been identified as the first intracellular step in GH receptor (GHR) signaling in many species, however, there...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.05.001
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite their abundance and their enormous significance for various ecological processes, endocrine systems of microcrustaceans have been poorly investigated. Here, we used a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) to determine free and conjugated ecdysteroid levels in whole-body extracts of adult Daphnia magna during...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.015
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Y-Organs and control tissues from intact (intermolt) and 48-hr de-eyestalked Cancer antennarius donors were cultured for 12 and 24 hr in crustacean saline supplemented 10% with crab serum and containing [14C]cholesterol. Under these conditions, Y-organs took up significantly more [14C]cholesterol than ovary or muscle,...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(85)90215-1
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The isolation of a maturational gonadotropin from pituitaries of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), a marine teleost belonging to the order perciformes, is described. A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of this hormone in blood samples and validation of the assay is presented. The hormon...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(89)90200-1
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phenomenon of musth is a very stressful event, both behaviorally and physiologically. An ACTH stimulation test was conducted in four adult Asian bull elephants to investigate the possibility that the classical hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is active during musth, resulting in an increase in adrenally p...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.029
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine cells in the gut of Sparus auratus L. (gilt-head sea bream) have been demonstrated by immunocytochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Cells showing somatostatin and gastrin-like immunoreactivity were found in the depth of the gastric folds and in the upper part of the stomach glands while substance P...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(86)90067-5
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress impaired sperm function might lead to infertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of altered thyroid hormone levels on regulation of mitochondrial glutathione redox status and its dependent antioxidant defense system in adult rat testis and their correlation with testicular fu...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.014
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circadian rhythm is well known to play a pivotal role in reproduction but the presence of a gonadal circadian rhythm is opening a lot of questions about a local regulation of reproduction. In the present study, we first set to identify the key genes driving circadian rhythmicity from the gonadal transcriptome of the s...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113707
更新日期：2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptides and hypothalamic hormones in the neural complex of ascidians suggests integral roles of the ascidian neural complex in the endocrine system. In the present study, we investigated endocrine-related genes expressed in the neural complex of Ciona intestinalis. Compr...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.08.010
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Migratory birds undergo metabolic remodeling in tissues, including increased lipid storage in white adipose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle, to optimize energy substrate availability and utilization in preparation for long-distance flight. Different tissues undergo gene expression changes in kee...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin plays key roles in body weight regulation, energy metabolism, food intake, reproduction and immunity in mammals. However, its function in teleosts is still unclear. In the present study, two leptin genes (gLepA and gLepB) and one leptin receptor gene (gLepR) were cloned and characterized in orange-spotted group...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.008
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth-factor (Igf) system plays a central role in the regulation of growth in fishes. However, the roles of Igf binding proteins (Igfbps) in coordinating responses to food availability are unresolved, especially in anadromous fishes preparing for seaward migration. We assayed plas...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.015
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence and distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin-like immunoreactivity (IR) was examined in the goldfish pituitary. Intense CCK/gastrin-like IR was consistently observed within fibers of the proximal pars distalis (PD), with fewer IR fibers localized in the rostral PD. Within the proximal PD CCK/gastrin-...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1993.1146
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PHE), and isoproterenol (ISO) were studied in vivo on the blood pressure and heart rate of the conscious American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Bullfrogs were chronically cannulated with a T cannula in the right sciatic artery. In warm-acclimated (22 de...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(85)90401-0
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developmental sequence of markers for hematopoietic, hormone-producing, and folliculo-stellate cells in the chicken adenohypophysis is described using immunohistochemical staining techniques. Hematopoietic cells are detected in cryosections of the adenohypophysis starting from 10- or 12-day embryos, using chicken-...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1998.7235
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormalities in calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis are reported in horses with several pathological conditions; however, there is little information on Ca(2+) regulation in horses. The objectives of the present study were to determine the Ca(2+) set-point in healthy horses, to determine whether the Ca(2+)/parathyroid hormo...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00621-4
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we have localized for the first time beta-endorphin (beta-EP)-like material in the adult and larval urodele and anuran tissues using immunohistochemical techniques. In the adult Notophthalmus viridescens and Ambystoma mexicanum, strong immunoreactivity to beta-EP antisera was observed in the regi...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(89)90080-4
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interference in radioimmunoassays (RIAs) was frequently encountered during endocrinological studies of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Interference was greatest when serum was cloudy or opaque. Such samples appeared seasonally, in spring and summer during the phase of fat deposition, and in the winter when females...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00088-1
更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in food intake affects somatic growth by altering the expression of hormones in the somatotropic endocrine axis including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Here, we examined IGF-1 pathway responses to long- and short-term variation in food availability in copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus), a nearshore ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.025
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In evolutionary endocrinology, there is a growing interest in the extent and basis of individual variation in endocrine traits, especially circulating concentrations of hormones. This is important because if targeted by selection, such individual differences present the opportunity for an evolutionary response to sele...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.014
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:cDNA encoding the beta type of thyroid hormone receptor (THR) was cloned from a lambda gt10 library prepared from the whole bodies of metamorphosing flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The deduced amino acid sequence of the flounder THR beta (fTHR beta 1) showed higher homologies to the known THR beta s of other verteb...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1995.1102
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During metamorphosis, the tadpole neuroendocrine brain is a major target for the organisational effects of hormones acting via both endocrine feedback mechanisms and local hormone production. While the receptor-mediated actions of thyroid hormones in brain development have been well described, there is evidence that t...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.02.011
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was microinjected (0.2 microliter/fish) into prometamorphic flounder larvae and the effects on metamorphosis as well as the tissue thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were studied. After a single injection of TSH (5 mIU/g), the tissue T4 concentration increased mark...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(89)80038-3
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexual selection acts on traits that increase reproductive success. Variation in reproductive success is often higher among males than females. Consequently, sexual selection has been studied extensively in males while its possible role in females has only recently attracted considerable attention. In some cooperative...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.026
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The venoms of cone snails (genus Conus) are remarkably complex, consisting of hundreds of typically short, disulfide-rich peptides termed conotoxins. These peptides have diverse pharmacological targets, with injection of venom eliciting a range of physiological responses, including sedation, paralysis and sensory over...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.012
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the development of thyroid function during the transition to endothermy in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Thermoregulatory capabilities of blackbirds improve markedly over their relatively short nestling period (10-12 days), with the most striking improvements occurring between days 6 and...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1999.7363
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to examine if RU486, a corticosteroid antagonist, modified hepatocyte metabolism and blocked the metabolic effects of exogenously administered cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were given a single intraperitoneal implant of either coconut oil alone or coconut oil...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1994.1160
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood cells of male and female rainbow trout showed 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD) activity in vitro, reducing 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA) to 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone and 11-ketotestosterone (OT), respectively. Enzyme activity did not vary with gonadal developm...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(91)90184-8
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By mapping the distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor types onto an established phylogenetic hypothesis of vertebrate relationships, we tested two hypothesis about the evolution of CCK receptors: (1) A single CCK receptor type, CCK-X, is the ancestral receptor, while CCK-A and CCK-B receptors represent derived...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1996.0047
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
