Abstract:
:The function of biomolecules is intrinsically linked to their structure and the complexes they form during function. Techniques for the determination of structures and dynamics of these nanometre assemblies are therefore important for an understanding on the molecular level. PELDOR (pulsed electron-electron double resonance) is a pulsed EPR method that can be used to reliably and precisely measure distances in the range 1.5-8 nm, to unravel orientations and to determine the number of monomers in complexes. In conjunction with site-directed spin labelling, it can be applied to biomolecules of all sizes in aqueous solutions or membranes. PELDOR is therefore complementary to the methods of X-ray crystallography, NMR and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and is becoming a powerful method for structural determination of biomolecules. In the present review, the methods of PELDOR are discussed and examples where PELDOR has been used to obtain structural information on biomolecules are summarized.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Reginsson GW,Schiemann Odoi
10.1042/BST0390128subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
128-39issue
1eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0390128journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::RDCs (residual dipolar couplings) in NMR spectroscopy provide information about protein dynamics complementary to NMR relaxation methods, especially in the previously inaccessible time window between the protein correlation time tau(c) and 50 micros. For ubiquitin, new modes of motion of the protein backbone could be ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0361433
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA pseudoknots are structural elements found in almost all classes of RNA. Pseudoknots form when a single-stranded region in the loop of a hairpin base-pairs with a stretch of complementary nucleotides elsewhere in the RNA chain. This simple folding strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dim...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360684
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350091
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a sediment organism capable of dissimilatory reduction of insoluble metal compounds such as those of Fe(II) and Mn(IV). This bacterium has been used as a model organism for potential applications in bioremediation of contaminated environments and in the production of energy in microbial f...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120114
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hsk1 (homologue of Cdc7 kinase 1) of the fission yeast is a member of the conserved Cdc7 (cell division cycle 7) kinase family, and promotes initiation of chromosome replication by phosphorylating Mcm (minichromosome maintenance) subunits, essential components for the replicative helicase. Recent studies, however, ind...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130217
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examples shown here illustrate the power of gene targeting to the epidermis as a means of developing animal models for the study of human skin diseases. In this short review, I have focused on contributions which stem predominantly from my own laboratory [31, 32, 34, 37, 47]. However, other laboratories have also ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0191112
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) were labelled in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing fluorescent chimaeric 'cargo' proteins that were targeted to these secretory vesicles. When the cells were stimulated with nicotine 48 h after transduction, the fractional loss of fluorescent LDCVs was much greater t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310851
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::CoA (coenzyme A) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor that acts as an acyl group carrier in biochemical reactions. Apart from participating in numerous metabolic pathways as substrates and intermediates, CoA and a number of its thioester derivatives, such as acetyl-CoA, can also directly regulate the activity of pro...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140123
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rho-family GTPases regulate various aspects of cell function by controlling cytoskeletal changes; however, their spatial regulation within the cells remains largely unknown. To understand this regulation, we have studied the spatiotemporal activity of Rho-family GTPases in migrating cells and growth factor-stimulated ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330631
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms and the biological functions of the proteasome. This large ATP-dependent proteolytic complex is the main site for protein degradation in mammalian cells and catalyses the rapid degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and is the source of most antigenic peptides...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350012
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaphase B spindle elongation plays an important role in chromosome segregation. In the present paper, we discuss our model for anaphase B in Drosophila syncytial embryos, in which spindle elongation depends on an ip (interpolar) MT (microtubule) sliding filament mechanism generated by homotetrameric kinesin-5 motors ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0391149
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340560
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular, biochemical and genetic characterization of ornithine decarboxylase, S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase establishes that these polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes are essential for growth and survival of the agents that cause African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis and ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310415
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain development is a tightly controlled process that depends upon differentiation and function of neurons to allow for the formation of functional neural networks. Mutation of genes encoding structural proteins is well recognized as causal for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Recent studies have shown that aberr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150168
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our first experience of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-replacement therapy was with a patient experiencing recurrent erythema multiforme associated with reactivation of herpes simplex virus; his erythematous eruptions could be controlled with infusions of fresh frozen plasma containing MBL, but not with plasma lacking MB...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0310768
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the SulfoSYS (Sulfolobus Systems Biology) project, the effect of temperature on a metabolic network is investigated at the systems level. Sulfolobus solfataricus utilizes an unusual branched ED (Entner-Doudoroff) pathway for sugar degradation that is promiscuous for glucose and galactose. In the course of metab...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0390077
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ran GTPase controls many cellular functions, including nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, spindle assembly, nuclear assembly and cell-cycle progression. Considerable evidence suggests that diffusible Ran-GTP near mitotic chromatin facilitates the release of critical factors from nuclear transport receptors, thereby pr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340711
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the 'hallmarks o...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110663
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital malformations are major causes of disease and death during the first years of life and, most of the time, functional replacement of the missing or damaged organs remains an unmet clinical need. Particularly relevant for the treatment of congenital malformation would be to collect the stem cells at diagnosis...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140069
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocytosis of transmembrane receptors largely occurs via clathrin-coated vesicles that bud from the plasma membrane and deliver their cargo to the endosomal system for recycling or degradation. PIs (phosphoinositides) control the timing and localization of endocytic membrane trafficking by recruiting adaptors and oth...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051285
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect and mammalian circadian clocks show striking similarities. They utilize homologous clock genes, generating self-sustained circadian oscillations in distinct master clocks of the brain, which then control rhythmic behaviour. The molecular mechanisms of rhythm generation were first uncovered in the fruit fly Dros...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20050957
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA degradation is a vital post-transcriptional process which ensures that transcripts are maintained at the correct level within the cell. DIS3L2 and XRN1 are conserved exoribonucleases that are critical for the degradation of cytoplasmic RNAs. Although the molecular mechanisms of RNA degradation by DIS3L2 and XRN1 h...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160107
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis, the FtsK orthologue, SpoIIIE, transfers the majority of a chromosome into the forespore during sporulation. DNA tr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380395
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::miRNAs (microRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They generally bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of their target mRNAs and repress protein production by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing. The exact mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational repr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0361224
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional regulators exhibit changes in phosphorylation that are coincident with their roles in transcriptional activation. It is, however, unclear whether these changes occur as a cause of, or as a result of, transcriptional activation. In this paper, we explore the relationship between these t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340794
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modification of the Structure Alignment Program (SAP), combined with a novel automatic method for the definition of structural elements, correctly identified the core folds of a variety of small beta/alpha proteins when compared with a series of ideal architectures. This approach opens the possibility of not just de...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0280264
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamate/aspartate transporter GLAST-1 is expressed in bone in vivo and also exists as a splice variant (GLAST-1a) in which exon 3 is excluded. Since GLAST-1 expression is regulated in bone in response to osteogenic mechanical stimuli in vivo and binding of glutamate to receptors on osteoblasts increases osteobla...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300890
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable number of fungal homologues of human apoptotic genes have been identified in recent years. Nevertheless, we are far from being able to connect the different pieces and construct a primary structure of the fungal apoptotic regulatory network. To get a better picture of the available fungal components, we...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0391493
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biophysical characteristics of vascular tissues are dependent largely on the properties of fibrillar collagens. Considering the predominant structural component, collagen type I, the present review describes the mechanisms of formation and maturation of lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking, leading to an understan...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350849
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of barrier function in the vasculature promotes inflammatory signalling which in turn contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease. cAMP can protect against endothelial dysfunction through the effectors PKA (protein kinase A) and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). The present review o...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130271
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00