Abstract：
:It is a common practice in Northern countries that children aged about 2 weeks to 2 years take their daytime sleep outdoors in prams in winter. The aim was to evaluate the thermal insulation of clothing of infants sleeping outdoors in winter. Clothing data of infants aged 3.5 months was collected, and sleep duration, skin and microclimate temperatures, humidity inside middle wear, air temperature and velocity of the outdoor environment were recorded during sleep taken outdoors (n = 34) and indoors (n = 33) in families' homes. The insulation of clothing ensembles was measured by using a baby-size thermal manikin, and the values were used for defining clothing insulation of the observed infants. Required clothing insulation for each condition was estimated according to ISO 11079. Clothing insulation did not correlate with ambient air temperature. The observed and required insulation of the study group was equal at about -5 °C, but overdressing existed in warmer and deficiency in thermal insulation in colder temperatures (r (s) 0.739, p < 0.001). However, even at -5 °C a slow cooling (ca. 0.012 °C/min) of mean skin temperature (T (sk)) was observed. When the difference between observed and required insulation increased, the cooling rate of T (sk) increased linearly (r (s) 0.605, p < 0.001) and the infants slept for a shorter period (r (s) 0.524, p = 0.001). The results of this study show the difficulty of adjusting systematically the optimal thermal insulation for outdoor sleeping infants during northern winter. Therefore, the necessity for guidelines is obvious. The study provides information for adequate cold protection of infants sleeping in cold conditions.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Tourula M,Fukazawa T,Isola A,Hassi J,Tochihara Y,Rintamäki Hdoi
10.1007/s00421-010-1686-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-01 00:00:00pages
633-40issue
4eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A routine method to determine total haemoglobin mass (tHb) in clinical practice and sports medicine is non-existent. Radioactive tracers or other dilution procedures like the common CO-rebreathing method (Proc(com)) are impractical, the latter in particular because of the relatively long time of respiration. According...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0050-3
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There is contradictory evidence related to the impact of ultra-marathon running on right ventricular (RV) structure and function. Consequently, the aims of this study were to: (1) comprehensively assess RV structure and function before and immediately following a 100-mile ultra-marathon in highly trained runner...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2995-6
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to examine in free-living individuals from a high-density city (1) the objectively determined physical activity levels across quartiles derived from pedometer step counts, (2) the pedometer steps day(-1) required to meet health-enhancing guidelines of accruing 30 min day(-1) of moderate physical activi...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0789-4
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of isolated muscle metaboreflex activation on spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), and to characterize the potential sex-related differences in this interaction in young healthy subjects. METHODS:40 volunteers (20 men and 20 women, age: 22 ± 0.4 year) were recruited. Aft...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4004-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We tested the hypothesis that exposure to a short-term (1 h) increase in intraluminal pressure and shear stress (SS), to mimic two mechanical signals associated with a bout of exercise, improves nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in aged soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). In addition, we ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3388-9
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of increases in muscle afferent information from the shoulder girdle elevators on saccadic reaction time. Saccadic reaction time was measured under conditions of isometric voluntary contraction of the shoulder girdle elevators and vibratory stimulation of the trapezius. Saccadic reaction tim...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100509
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate the involvement of cerebral oxygenation in limitation of maximal exercise. We hypothesized that O2 supplementation improves physical performance in relation to its effect on cerebral oxygenation during exercise. Eight untrained men (age 27 ± 6 years; VO2 max 45 ± 8 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) pe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2637-4
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine sex- and menstrual cycle-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to heat exposure, ten young women and six young men were heated passively by immersing their legs in water heated to 42 degrees C for 60 min (in ambient conditions of 30 degrees C and 45% relative humidity). The women underwent heat ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1303-2
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Near-infrared finger photoplethysmograms were recorded and double-normalized pulse volumes (DNPV = DeltaV(b)/V(b); V(b) = total blood volume in the fingertip, DeltaV(b) = pulsatile component of V(b)) were calculated in ten subjects during, immersion of the contralateral hand in water at three different temperatures (4...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/PL00013788
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fatality of deep hypothermia in non-hibernating mammals follows the cessation of respiration and heart beat, and a massive influx of calcium (Ca(++)) into cells. This review presents evidence relating to restoration of key physiological functions during hypothermia in several animal preparations. For example, in a...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0875-7
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the relationship between different variables of physical activity and aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescent boys and girls. Activity energy expenditure (AEE), time spent in a sedentary state, and time spent engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210100460
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare the muscle oxygenation between trained and untrained subjects during heavy exercise until exhaustion at two extreme pedaling cadences using a NIRS system. METHODS:Nine untrained male subjects and nine male competitive triathletes cycled until exhaustion at an intensity corr...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3235-4
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the relative efficiency of different warming devices (surgical sheets covering the body and a tubegauze on the head, forced-air warming, warming mattress) commonly used to prevent body hypothermia during neonatal surgery. Dry heat losses were measured from a thermal manikin, which simulated a low-b...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1126-1
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on studies using maximal isometric contractions, it is suggested that fatigue may be elicited due to hyperthermia-induced impairments in central neuromuscular activation. We investigated the effects of passive hyperthermia on isokinetic maximal force production. Twenty young healthy males [peak oxygen uptake 52....
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1062-0
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to compare self-chosen pace during ten repetitions of 60 m running sprints performed on a level surface (SPL), or when running uphill (SPU) or downhill (SPD) on a 4.7% slope. When expressed as percent of maximal running speed for corresponding condition, SPD was lower than SPL (95.28 +/- 1.93 vs. 97.31...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-008-0957-6
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SenseWear Armband (SWA) has been shown to be a valid and practical tool to assess energy expenditure during habitual physical activity. However, previous studies have focused on low-to-moderate intensity activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the SWA during high intensity exercise. Twe...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1695-0
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether sweat sodium concentration ([Na(+)](sweat)) during exercise in the heat differs between aerobically trained and untrained individuals. On three occasions, ten endurance-trained (Tr) and ten untrained (UTr) subjects (VO2peak = 4.0 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 L min(-1), respect...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-1911-6
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the possible risks incurred while diving is inert gas narcosis (IGN), yet its mechanism of action remains a matter of controversy. Although providing insights in the basic mechanisms of IGN, research has been primarily limited to animal studies. A human study, in real diving conditions, was needed. Twenty volun...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2391-z
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether stiffness of the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscles is altered immediately after and 48 h after a single bout of maximal eccentric exercise of the knee extensor muscles. METHODS:Thirteen healthy individuals [group mean (SD) age 22.4 (3.5) years; 7 female] performed a single bout of max...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3903-2
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Prolonged static stretching (SS) in isolation (no dynamic warm-up) can impair muscle performance. There are conflicting reports whether impairments are present in antagonist and contralateral muscles. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of unilateral hamstrings SS on ipsilateral stretched and c...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04182-x
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective was to determine the separate and combined effects of hypoxia and inactivity/unloading on sleep architecture during a 10-day period of confinement. METHODS:Ten subjects participated in three 10-day trials in random order: hypoxic ambulatory (HAMB), hypoxic bedrest (HBR), and normoxic bedrest (NBR...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-2909-7
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early effects of a resistance training program include neural adaptations at multiple levels of the neuraxis, but direct evidence of central changes is lacking. Plasticity exhibited by multiple supraspinal centers following training may alter slow negative electroencephalographic activity, referred to as movement-rela...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1432-8
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Androgenic steroids administered in doses at pharmacological levels to sedentary animals have been shown to result in a reduced beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in systolic cardiac performance when assessed in vivo. Whether the attenuated adrenergic response occurs as a consequence of alterations in either cardiac ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004210050048
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence following activities with a high eccentric component. Alterations to the torque-velocity relationship following EIMD would appear to have serious implications for athletic performance, particularly as they relate to impairment of maximal intensity exercise. ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-1357-9
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a 3-week strength training program of knee extensor muscles on cycling delta efficiency in master endurance athletes. Nine master (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and 8 young (age 25.6 ± 5.9 years) endurance athletes with similar training levels participated in this study. Dur...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2013-1
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:O(2) uptake (VO2) kinetics were examined during the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle to determine if there was an effect of altered sex hormones on the (VO2) response to moderate-intensity exercise. Seven healthy women (age 21 +/- 2 years; mean +/- SD) performed six transitions from 20 W to ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0505-9
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and shoulder area are a major occupational concern in the European countries especially among elderly females. The aim was to assess these disorders based on quantitative EMG indicators and functional tests. 252 female computer users (45-68 years) were recruited from four European...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-005-0042-3
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'dissection' of energy expenditure of cycling into the metabolic equivalent of the different forms of mechanical work done, inaugurated 30 years ago by di Prampero and collaborators, has been much debated in the last few decades. The mechanical internal work, particularly, which is currently associated to the move...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1434-6
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well known. In contrast, the impact of lifelong endurance exercise is less well understood. Long-term high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with changes in cardiac morphology together with electrocardiographic alterations that are believed to be physiologic in natu...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1534-3
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The effect of acute activation of the sympathetic nervous system on the dynamic response of muscle hyperaemia during exercise at different intensities is not clear. METHODS:To explore this, six men performed 16, 5-min bouts of intermittent calf contractions at two intensities (25 and 50 % MVC) and two levels o...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-3069-5
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
