Abstract:
:The ability to trap an object-whether a single atom or a macroscopic entity-affects fields as diverse as quantum optics, soft condensed-matter physics, biophysics and clinical medicine. Many sophisticated methodologies have been developed to counter the randomizing effect of Brownian motion in solution, but stable trapping of nanometre-sized objects remains challenging. Optical tweezers are widely used traps, but require sufficiently polarizable objects and thus are unable to manipulate small macromolecules. Confinement of single molecules has been achieved using electrokinetic feedback guided by tracking of a fluorescent label, but photophysical constraints limit the trap stiffness and lifetime. Here we show that a fluidic slit with appropriately tailored topography has a spatially modulated electrostatic potential that can trap and levitate charged objects in solution for up to several hours. We illustrate this principle with gold particles, polymer beads and lipid vesicles with diameters of tens of nanometres, which are all trapped without external intervention and independently of their mass and dielectric function. The stiffness and stability of our electrostatic trap is easily tuned by adjusting the system geometry and the ionic strength of the solution, and it lends itself to integration with other manipulation mechanisms. We anticipate that these features will allow its use for contact-free confinement of single proteins and macromolecules, and the sorting and fractionation of nanometre-sized objects or their assembly into high-density arrays.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Krishnan M,Mojarad N,Kukura P,Sandoghdar Vdoi
10.1038/nature09404subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-07 00:00:00pages
692-5issue
7316eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature09404journal_volume
467pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Intensive fisheries have reduced fish biodiversity and abundance in aquatic ecosystems worldwide1-3. 'No-take' marine reserves have become a cornerstone of marine ecosystem-based fisheries management4-6, and their benefits for adjacent fisheries are maximized when reserve design fosters synergies among nearby reserves...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2944-y
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamate dehydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli has been cloned into broad host-range plasmids and can complement glutamate synthase mutants of Methylophilus methylotrophus. Assimilation of ammonia via glutamate dehydrogenase is more energy-efficient than via glutamate synthase, thus the recombinant organism conv...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/287396a0
更新日期:1980-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07110-9
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globular star clusters are compact and massive stellar systems old enough to have witnessed the entire history of our Galaxy, the Milky Way. Although recent results suggest that their formation may have been more complex than previously thought, they still are the best approximation to a stellar population formed over...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08581
更新日期:2009-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of gene expression underpin organismal phenotypes1,2, but the nature of selection that acts on gene expression and its role in adaptive evolution remain unknown1,2. Here we assayed gene expression in rice (Oryza sativa)3, and used phenotypic selection analysis to estimate the type and strength of selection on t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1997-2
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historical ecologists working in the Neotropics argue that the present natural environment is an historical product of human intentionality and ingenuity, a creation that is imposed, built, managed and maintained by the collective multigenerational knowledge and experience of Native Americans. In the past 12,000 years...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35041555
更新日期:2000-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::The emission of isoprene from the leaves of forest trees is a fundamental component of biosphere-atmosphere interactions, controlling many aspects of photochemistry in the lower atmosphere. As almost all commercial agriforest species emit high levels of isoprene, proliferation of agriforest plantations has significant...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01312
更新日期:2003-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-bound receptors often form large assemblies resulting from binding to soluble ligands, cell-surface molecules on other cells and extracellular matrix proteins. For example, the association of membrane proteins with proteins on different cells (trans-interactions) can drive the oligomerization of proteins on t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10183
更新日期:2011-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2581-5
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has established a genomic resource for mammalian development, profiling a diverse panel of mouse tissues at 8 developmental stages from 10.5 days after conception until birth, including transcriptomes, methylomes and chromatin states. Here we systematically examined th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2093-3
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain mast cell products, including the tetrapeptides Ala-Gly-Ser-Glu (Ala4) and Val-Gly-Ser-Glu (Val4) of the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) and histamine, are preferentially chemotactic for eosinophils in vitro. Amino acid substitutions or modifications of the ECF-A tetrapeptides may substant...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/289071a0
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dense plexuses of neurones containing immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been found in discrete areas of the central nervous system and in peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and urogenital system. In many of these locations VIP is concentrated in nerve endings, where...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/281574a0
更新日期:1979-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::The promoters of eukaryotic genes are being increasingly defined through the identification of consensus DNA sequences, by mutational analysis, and by in vitro and in vivo studies of transcription. Whereas the TATA sequence (Goldberg-Hogness box) has been largely conserved among protein encoding genes (transcribed by ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301167a0
更新日期:1983-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::In infected cells, the RNA genomes of RNA tumour viruses are copied into DNA by a virus-encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme. This transfer of information from RNA into DNA was thought to be a unique feature of RNA tumour viruses, but recent results suggest it may be a more general strategy. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305827a0
更新日期:1983-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian sex chromosomes share a small terminal region of homologous DNA sequences, which pair and recombine during male meiosis. Alleles in this region can be exchanged between X and Y chromosomes and are therefore inherited as if autosomal. Genes from this so-called pseudoautosomal region (PAR) are present in two d...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/345734a0
更新日期:1990-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::There is a clear case for drug treatments to be selected according to the characteristics of an individual patient, in order to improve efficacy and reduce the number and severity of adverse drug reactions. However, such personalization of drug treatments requires the ability to predict how different individuals will ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04648
更新日期:2006-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::The biological importance of DNA methylation for gene expression in eukaryotes is becoming increasingly evident, and a direct role of methylation in gene expression has been suggested by an analysis of the infectivity of integrated retroviral genomes in a transfection assay. These studies, however, did not address whe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/304275a0
更新日期:1983-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::The extent to which an organism is selected to invest in defences against pathogens and parasites depends on the advantages that ensue should infection occur, but also on the costs of maintaining defences in the absence of infection. The presence of heritable variation in resistance suggests that costs exist, but we k...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/38483
更新日期:1997-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in immunosuppressed individuals, including patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The nucleoside analogue ganciclovir (9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine) is one of the few drugs available to treat HCMV infections, but resistant virus is a growing pro...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/358162a0
更新日期:1992-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::L-GLUTAMATE and L-aspartate are thought to have a widespread function as synaptic transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system and there are at least three types of neuronal glutamate receptors, which can be activated by the selective agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate and kainate. Recent experi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/339380a0
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory DNA underpins gene regulation in all organisms. Genetic variation in regulatory regions has been connected with diseases and diverse phenotypic traits1, but it remains challenging to distinguish variants that affect regulatory function2. Genomic DNase I foot...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2528-x
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pollinators are declining worldwide and this has raised concerns for a parallel decline in the essential pollination service they provide to both crops and wild plants. Anthropogenic drivers linked to this decline include habitat changes, intensive agriculture, pesticides, invasive alien species, spread of pathogens a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23288
更新日期:2017-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01880
更新日期:2003-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::There has been much interest in the biochemical and biophysical processes that couple extracellular signals to alterations in gene expression. While many early events associated with the treatment of cells with growth factors have been described (for example, ion flux and protein phosphorylation), it has proved diffic...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322552a0
更新日期:1986-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The neural substrates that the fruitfly Drosophila uses to sense smell, taste and light share marked structural and functional similarities with ours, providing attractive models to dissect sensory stimulus processing. Here we focus on two of the remaining and less understood prime sensory modalities: graviception and...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07810
更新日期:2009-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(dA).poly(dT) has unusual properties in that it cannot associate into nucleosomes and short, phased runs of it cause DNA bending. The crystal structure of a B-type DNA dodecamer containing a homopolymeric run of six A.T base pairs shows that this region possesses special structural features, including a system of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/330221a0
更新日期:1987-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to renew themselves and to give rise to all lineages of the blood; however, the signals that regulate HSC self-renewal remain unclear. Here we show that the Wnt signalling pathway has an important role in this process. Overexpression of activated beta-catenin expands t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01593
更新日期:2003-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about metabolic regulation in stem cells and how this modulates tissue regeneration or tumour suppression. We studied the Lkb1 tumour suppressor and its substrate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), kinases that coordinate metabolism with cell growth. Deletion of the Lkb1 (also called Stk11) gene in m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09571
更新日期:2010-12-02 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00737-2
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major regulator of eukaryotic growth that coordinates anabolic and catabolic cellular processes with inputs such as growth factors and nutrients, including amino acids. In mammals arginine is particularly important, promoting diverse physiological effects suc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19079
更新日期:2016-08-11 00:00:00