Abstract：
:Whilst the parallels between drug and food craving are receiving increasing attention, the recently elucidated complex physiology of the hypothalamic appetite regulatory centres has been largely overlooked in the efforts to understand drug craving which is one of the most refractory and problematic aspects of drug and behavioural addictions. Important conceptual gains could be made by researchers from both appetite and addiction neuroscience if they were to have an improved understanding of each others' disciplines. It is well known in addiction medicine that the use of many substances is elevated in opiate dependency. There is voluminous evidence of very high rates of drug use in opiate agonist maintained patients, and the real possibility exists that opiate agonist therapy therefore increases drug craving. Conversely, opiate antagonist therapy with naloxone or naltrexone has been shown to reduce most chemical and behavioural addictions, and naltrexone is now being developed together with bupropion as the anti-obesity drug "Contrave". Hypothalamic melanocortins, particularly α-MSH, are known to constitute the main brake to consumptive behaviour of food. There is a well described antagonism between melanocortins and opioids at many loci including the hypothalamus. Administration of exogenous opiates is known to both suppress α-MSH and to stimulate hedonic food consumption. Opiate maintenance programs are associated with weight gain. As monoamines, opioids and cannabinoids are known to be involved in appetite regulation, and as endorphin opioids are known to be perturbed in other addictions, further exploration of the hypothalamic appetite regulatory centre would appear to be an obvious, albeit presently largely overlooked, locus in which to study drug and other craving mechanisms.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Reece ASdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
132-7issue
1eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(10)00356-7journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The dissimilarities in spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of water proton from one tumor to the other is due to the yield of hypoxic fraction in the tumor. The yield of higher relaxation time (T1) in the KHT tumor compared to the RIF-1 tumor as a function of growth is due to the hypoxic fraction of the tumor. The hypox...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(92)90007-y
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue and contains a low number of cells which have high replicative ability and differentiation efficiency. This has been identified by many scientists. When the fresh growth of tissue and blood vessels is shed during each menstrual cycle, some cells with regenerative capab...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.021
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are large amounts of zinc in muscle and zinc ions can enhance the degree of muscle contraction in response to direct stimulation while at the same time inhibiting neuromuscular transmission. The opposites of these effects would lead to myotonia and muscle weakness. There are many parallels between the non-muscul...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90052-3
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This hypothesis clearly proposes the true and previously undiscovered cause of male homosexuality or bisexuality and in most cases the predictability in infancy of the development of this sexuality in adulthood. It is based on compelling new evidence which has accumulated over many years. The fetal and neonatal period...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.06.006
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A consistent accumulation of experimental evidence, most of it published long ago, clearly shows that a constant consequence of the immune response elicited by the Koch bacillus is that the individual becomes susceptible to be injured or killed by the tuberculous antigen, which is totally innocuous to the virgin subje...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90060-0
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence rate of cutaneous melanoma has been increasing faster than that of any other cancer in white-skinned populations over the past decades. The main risk factors for melanoma (i.e. exposure to sunlight, naevus count, phototype, and family history of melanoma) may not wholly explain the epidemiological trends...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.03.010
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.014
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.12.032
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0973
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.049
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.051
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1334
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90020-3
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.056
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.09.028
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0854
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90057-3
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1452
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.011
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of uncertain etiology. In MS, neurodegeneration is thought to be secondary to autoimmune-mediated damage. However, no cohesive explanation yet exists as to how environmental factors interact to induce a neurodegenerative autoimmune response. Insufficient sunlight ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.031
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.016
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90070-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110159
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90057-3
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00410-3
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.12.009
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90225-f
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(95)90181-7
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.11.039
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work a new theory of acoustic signal detection in the inner ear and an experimental explanation of the causes of bifilar cochlear structure was presented. Our innovative approach describes sound detection in a completely different way from the one currently adopted. It requires analyzing the inner ear system i...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109636
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
