Abstract:
:Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts. We find that nearly 80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to water security. Massive investment in water technology enables rich nations to offset high stressor levels without remedying their underlying causes, whereas less wealthy nations remain vulnerable. A similar lack of precautionary investment jeopardizes biodiversity, with habitats associated with 65% of continental discharge classified as moderately to highly threatened. The cumulative threat framework offers a tool for prioritizing policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats at their source instead of through costly remediation of symptoms in order to assure global water security for both humans and freshwater biodiversity.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Vörösmarty CJ,McIntyre PB,Gessner MO,Dudgeon D,Prusevich A,Green P,Glidden S,Bunn SE,Sullivan CA,Liermann CR,Davies PMdoi
10.1038/nature09440subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-30 00:00:00pages
555-61issue
7315eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature09440journal_volume
467pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::At the molecular level, muscle contraction is the result of cyclic interaction between myosin crossbridges, which extend from the thick filament, and the thin filament, which consists mainly of actin. The energy for work done by a single crossbridge during a cycle of attachment, generation of force, shortening and det...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/355638a0
更新日期:1992-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Seafloor spreading is largely unobserved because 98 per cent of the global mid-ocean-ridge system is below the ocean surface. Our understanding of the dynamic processes that control seafloor spreading is thus inferred largely from geophysical observations of spreading events on land at Afar in East Africa and Iceland....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature20116
更新日期:2016-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Haploids and double haploids are important resources for studying recessive traits and have large impacts on crop breeding, but natural haploids are rare in animals. Mammalian haploids are restricted to germline cells and are occasionally found in tumours with massive chromosome loss. Recent success in establishing ha...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11435
更新日期:2012-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::In multinucleated heterokaryons formed from the fusion of differentiated muscle cells to either hepatocytes or fibroblasts, muscle-specific gene expression is activated, liver-specific gene expression is repressed, and there are changes in the location of the Golgi apparatus. An understanding of the regulatory mechani...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/344454a0
更新日期:1990-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::A key event in the domestication and breeding of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis was loss of the thick coconut-like shell surrounding the kernel. Modern E. guineensis has three fruit forms, dura (thick-shelled), pisifera (shell-less) and tenera (thin-shelled), a hybrid between dura and pisifera. The pisifera palm is us...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12356
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of a series of mutants of an Escherichia coli alanine transfer RNA shows that substitution of a single G-U base pair in the acceptor helix eliminates aminoacylation with alanine in vivo and in vitro. Introduction of that base pair into the analogous position of a cysteine and a phenylalanine transfer RNA conf...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/333140a0
更新日期:1988-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic structural gene mutations occurring spontaneously in a mouse myeloma cell line offer the opportunity to study somatic mutation in animal cells at the molecular level. Studies on the myeloma protein and on mRNA have enabled us to characterise four such mutants representing four different mutation mechanisms....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/265299a0
更新日期:1977-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that the primary transcripts of many genes are processed to produce more than one kind of messenger RNA focuses attention on the control of RNA processing as a developmental regulatory mechanism. In the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster, differential splicing of a hierarchy of regulatory genes determines...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/340521a0
更新日期:1989-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to infection and clearance of cell debris in mammals depend on the activation of the complement system, which is an important component of innate and adaptive immunity. Central to the complement system is the activated form of C3, called C3b, which attaches covalently to target surfaces to amplify complemen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05172
更新日期:2006-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Structural fluctuations in proteins on the picosecond timescale have been studied in considerable detail by theoretical methods such as molecular dynamics simulation, but there exist very few experimental data with which to test the conclusions. We have used the technique of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/337754a0
更新日期:1989-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Pairs of asteroids sharing similar heliocentric orbits, but not bound together, were found recently. Backward integrations of their orbits indicated that they separated gently with low relative velocities, but did not provide additional insight into their formation mechanism. A previously hypothesized rotational fissi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09315
更新日期:2010-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Brosnan and de Waal report that capuchin monkeys show evidence of a sense of fairness or 'inequity aversion' because they rejected a less preferred reward when they saw a partner monkey receive a preferred reward for the same task. However, this does not show that monkeys are averse to inequity, only that they reject ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/428140a
更新日期:2004-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::With the discovery1 of superconductivity at 203 kelvin in H3S, attention returned to conventional superconductors with properties that can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and the Migdal-Eliashberg theories. Although these theories predict the possibility of room-temperature superconductivity in metals th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seemingly endless studies of the ethical connotations of genetics serve a valuable role in general understanding even if the ethical problems involved are often insubstantial. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/356365a0
更新日期:1992-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Natural composite materials are renowned for their mechanical strength and toughness: despite being highly mineralized, with the organic component constituting not more than a few per cent of the composite material, the fracture toughness exceeds that of single crystals of the pure mineral by two to three orders of ma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35016535
更新日期:2000-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::The rat hippocampus receives a strong cholinergic innervation from the medial septum; information about the development and function of this pathway could help to elucidate the mechanisms of memory functions. Previous electrophysiological studies have shown that septal stimulation in vivo facilitates commissural and p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/313577a0
更新日期:1985-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing of eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors is now known to be of widespread importance in generating multiple transcripts from a single gene. This phenomenon has emphasized the problem of the way in which splice sites are selected; recent studies have discussed the role of secondary structure or affin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/324280a0
更新日期:1986-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Non-impulsive seismic radiation or 'tremor' has long been observed at volcanoes and more recently around subduction zones. Although the number of observations of non-volcanic tremor is steadily increasing, the causative mechanism remains unclear. Some have attributed non-volcanic tremor to the movement of fluids, whil...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06017
更新日期:2007-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2517-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a gamma-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor ho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04892
更新日期:2006-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The relay of information through thalamus to cortex is dynamically gated, as illustrated by the retinogeniculocortical pathway. Important to this is the inhibitory interneuron in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). For the typical neuron, synaptic information arrives through postsynaptic dendrites and is transmitted...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/28855
更新日期:1998-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory activity associated with myelin is a major obstacle for successful axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In addition to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and Nogo-A, available evidence suggests the existence of additional inhibitors in CNS myelin. We show here that a ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00867
更新日期:2002-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses are characterized by their ability to maintain life-long latent infections in their animal hosts. However, the mechanisms that allow establishment and maintenance of the latent state remain poorly understood. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in neurons of sensory ganglia, where the only...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07103
更新日期:2008-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Saturn's moon Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere comparable to Earth's, with a surface pressure of 1.4 bar. Numerical models reproduce the tropospheric conditions very well but have trouble explaining the observed middle-atmosphere temperatures, composition and winds. The top of the middle-atmosphere circulation has been...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11611
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence of myc gene transduction by feline leukaemia virus in several spontaneous lymphoid tumours of cats suggests that recombinant viruses carrying oncogenes may be much more involved in oncogenesis in natural conditions than previously recognized. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308814a0
更新日期:1984-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of a pterosaur egg with embryonic skeleton and soft tissues from the Yixian Formation confirmed that the flying pterosaurs were oviparous. Here we describe another pterosaur egg whose exquisite preservation indicates that the shell structure was soft and leathery. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/432572a
更新日期:2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Microsomes prepared from rabbit or pig aortas transformed endoperoxides (PGG2 or PGH2) to an unstable substance (PGX) that inhibited human platelet aggregation. PGX was 30 times more potent in this respect than prostaglandin E1. PGX contracted some gastrointestinal smooth muscle and relaxed certain isolated blood vess...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/263663a0
更新日期:1976-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature-dependent transition of conductance in ionic channels has been described in several membrane systems. We report here an abrupt change in the maximal rate of rise of the action potentials of the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) at 32 degrees C, indicating alteration in the functional characteristics of t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/283485a0
更新日期:1980-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of lectins with carbohydrate receptors on the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells results in a wide variety of biological effects. One effect which has been extensively studied is the stimulation of lymphocytes to blastogenesis and proliferation. High doses of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglut...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/284273a0
更新日期:1980-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent and characterized by open chromatin and high transcription levels, achieved through auto-regulatory and feed-forward transcription factor loops. ES-cell identity is maintained by a core of factors including Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc (OSKM) and Nanog, and f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11970
更新日期:2013-03-28 00:00:00