Abstract：
:Since playing wind instrument impedes normal respiratory functions, its effect on expiratory and blood gases as well as on cardiac function was investigated. In 15 skilled clarinettists expiratory PO(2) and PCO(2) were measured in gas drawn from a modified clarinet barrel when playing a composition (Robert Schumann's "Phantasiestücke" Op. 73 for clarinet and piano) with increasing difficulty from movement 1 to movement 3. Blood gases were measured in arterialized ear lobe blood at the end of each movement and the electrocardiogram was recorded continuously. From the expiratory gas pressures one may conclude that the most advanced players adapt their ventilation to the requirements of the composition and sustain expiration during difficult parts of the composition until hypoxic alveolar PO(2) values are reached (minimum 77 mmHg). Less trained clarinettists tend to hyperventilation or shallow breathing. Oxygen saturation in arterialized blood showed a slight step-wise decrease from movement to movement [control 96.6 ± 0.5 (SD)%, end of concert 95.6 ± 1.0%]. SO(2) was significantly higher because of possibly more effective ventilation in instrumentalists with practise time exceeding 2 h daily. Mean heart rate increased to values like during moderate to heavy physical exercise depending on artistic fitness and the difficulty of the movement (maximal individual value 173 beats/min). Additionally, a large variation might be caused through intrathoracic pressure changes, changing exertion, respiratory influences and emotion. The electrocardiogram showed no pathological events. In general, clarinet playing at a professional level imposes strain on ventilation and circulation but usually not on a pathophysiological level.
journal_name
Eur J Appl Physioljournal_title
European journal of applied physiologyauthors
Hahnengress ML,Böning Ddoi
10.1007/s00421-010-1576-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
1199-208issue
6eissn
1439-6319issn
1439-6327journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:The insertion (I) variant of the angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) I/D genetic polymorphism is associated with lower circulating and tissue ACE activity. Some studies have also suggested associations of ACE I/D genotype with endurance phenotypes. This study assessed the relationships between circulating ACE activi...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-006-0309-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:An Ironman triathlon is associated with changes in body composition as well as decreases in neuromuscular function. While the changes in body composition occurring during an Ironman are well investigated, comprehensive data on the changes in neuromuscular performance are scarce. In the present study, we investi...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-014-3051-2
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the onset kinetics of muscle oxygenation in localized working muscle (mOxy) was affected by differences in exercise intensity. Five healthy male subjects exercised for 6 min at 125 W, 150 W, and 175 W, and 1 min at 300 W on a cycle ergometer. mOxy was estimated by nea...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1045-1
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Voluntary breath-holding (BH) elicits several hemodynamic changes, but little is known about maximal static immersed-body BH. We hypothesized that the diving reflex would be strengthened with body immersion and would spare more oxygen than maximal dry static BH, resulting in a longer BH duration. METHODS:Eleve...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-013-2690-z
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the topic of physical training and blood coagulation are rare and the effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance training adjusts blood coagulation and fibrinolysis at rest and after exercise. The study included 50 healthy untrained non-smoker...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2564-9
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the validity of RR intervals and short-term heart rate variability (HRV) data obtained from the Polar V800 heart rate monitor, in comparison to an electrocardiograph (ECG). METHOD:Twenty participants completed an active orthostatic test using the V800 and ECG. An improved method for the identificatio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3303-9
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis suggests that regular exercise leads to adaptations in the stress response systems that induce decreased physiological responses to psychological stressors. Even though an exercise intervention to buffer the detrimental effects of psychological stressors on health might ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3284-8
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that Achilles tendon length is related to walking economy on the flat, presumably because of increased stretch-shortening cycle elastic energy savings. In addition, greater walking economy in African American (AA) women compared to European American (EA) women is explained by longer Achilles t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1816-9
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain elicits complex adaptations of motor strategy, leading to impairments in the generation and control of steady forces, which depend on muscle architecture. The present study used a cross-over design to assess the effects of muscle pain on the stability of multidirectional (task-related and tangential) forces durin...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2343-7
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Contract-relax (CR) stretching increases range of motion (ROM) substantively, however its use in athletic environments is limited as the contractions performed in a highly stretched position require partner assistance, are often painful, and may induce muscle damage. Therefore, the acute effects of performing t...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-015-3320-8
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) on exercise hemodynamics in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers. METHODS:Thirty-eight, MetS participants were randomly assigned to a training (TRAIN) or to a non-training control (CONT) group. TRAIN consisted ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-017-3697-7
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study investigated whether muscle cooling and its associated effects on skeletal muscle oxidative responses, blood gases, and hormonal concentrations influenced energy metabolism during cycling. METHODS:Twelve healthy participants (Males: seven; Females: five) performed two steady-state exercise sessions ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04407-4
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), on noninvasive estimates of systolic ventricular function, exercise performance, severity of symptoms and quality of life. METHODS:Cardio...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04165-y
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite derived from leucine. The anti-catabolic effect of HMB is well documented but its effect upon skeletal muscle strength and fatigue is still uncertain. In the present study, male Wistar rats were supplemented with HMB (320 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Placebo group ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2224-5
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), the products of salicylate trapping of hydroxyl free radicals, and glutamate release in the striatum during acute ischemia and reperfusion. Non-HBO rats (n...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1229-9
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiological hypertrophy in response to physical training is important in the differentiation of physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. The goal of our study was to define the structural characteristics of the heart in Chinese athletes. Between June 2005 and August 2005, 339 (165 male, 174 femal...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0517-5
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated fatigue-induced changes in spring-mass model characteristics during repeated running sprints. Sixteen active subjects performed 12 × 40 m sprints interspersed with 30 s of passive recovery. Vertical and anterior-posterior ground reaction forces were measured at 5-10 m and 30-35 m and used to de...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-010-1638-9
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on studies using maximal isometric contractions, it is suggested that fatigue may be elicited due to hyperthermia-induced impairments in central neuromuscular activation. We investigated the effects of passive hyperthermia on isokinetic maximal force production. Twenty young healthy males [peak oxygen uptake 52....
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1062-0
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the effects of mild hypohydration compared to euhydration on the cooling efficacy of cold-water immersion (CWI). METHODS:Fourteen participants (eight male, six female; age 26 ± 5 years; ht 1.77 ± 0.08 m; wt 72.2 ± 8.8 kg; 20.6 ± 7.4 % body fat) completed one euhydrated (EU) trial followed by on...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-016-3329-7
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effect of acute quercetin (Q) ingestion on neuromuscular function, biomarkers of muscle damage, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in response to an acute bout of resistance training. METHODS:10 young men (22.1 ± 1.8 years, 24.1 ± 3.1 BMI) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-3834-y
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolonged, strenuous exercise may lead to suppressive effects on the immune system, which might be responsible for a greater susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of carbohydrate substitution (CHS) during prolonged, strenuous exercise on neutrophil granulocytes ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-002-0642-0
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the relative efficiency of different warming devices (surgical sheets covering the body and a tubegauze on the head, forced-air warming, warming mattress) commonly used to prevent body hypothermia during neonatal surgery. Dry heat losses were measured from a thermal manikin, which simulated a low-b...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-004-1126-1
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different backpack weights on trunk kinematics and respiratory parameters during walking in 10-year-old children. Fifteen boys with a mean age of 10.31 (0.26) years were selected from a primary school to participate in four walking trials on a treadmill: ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-003-0848-9
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association of expertness in specific motor activities with a higher ability to sustain a constant application of force, regardless of muscle length, has been hypothesized. Ten highly skilled (HS group) young tennis and handball athletes and 10 sedentary (S group) individuals performed maximal and submaximal (5, 1...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-009-1184-5
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured diffusing capacity (DLCO), alveolar membrane properties (D (m)), capillary lung volume (V (c)), and alveolar volume (V (A) ) in 20 healthy subjects (12 males; age 32.4 +/- 13 (SD); BMI 21.7 +/- 3; non smokers) at total lung capacity (TLC) and at approximately 80, 60, and 40% TLC. In all subjects, D (m) inc...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-007-0625-2
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central hypovolemia induced by orthostatic loading causes reno-vascular changes that can lead to orthostatic intolerance. In this study, we investigated volume regulating hormonal responses and reno-vascular changes in male and female subjects as they underwent central hypovolemia, induced by graded lower body negativ...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-018-4053-2
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical inactivity in response to a spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a potent stimulus for conduit artery remodelling. Changes in conduit artery characteristics may be induced by the local effects of denervation (and consequent extreme inactivity below the level of the lesion), and also by systemic adaptations due...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-012-2400-2
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Prolonged static stretching (SS) in isolation (no dynamic warm-up) can impair muscle performance. There are conflicting reports whether impairments are present in antagonist and contralateral muscles. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of unilateral hamstrings SS on ipsilateral stretched and c...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00421-019-04182-x
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review provides evidence for the hypothesis that electrostimulation strength training (EST) increases the force of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) through neural adaptations in healthy skeletal muscle. Although electrical stimulation and voluntary effort activate muscle differently, there is substantial evi...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00421-011-2012-2
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the consequence of varying hypoxia severity during an initial set of repeated cycling sprints on performance, neuromuscular fatigability, and exercise-related sensations during a subsequent set of repeated sprints in normoxia. METHODS:Nine active males performed ten 4-s sprints (recovery = 30 s...
journal_title：European journal of applied physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00421-020-04327-3
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
