Abstract：
:The recently emerged fields of metamaterials and transformation optics promise a family of exciting applications such as invisibility, optical imaging with deeply subwavelength resolution and nanophotonics with the potential for much faster information processing. The possibility of creating optical negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) using nanostructured metal-dielectric composites has triggered intense basic and applied research over the past several years. However, the performance of all NIM applications is significantly limited by the inherent and strong energy dissipation in metals, especially in the near-infrared and visible wavelength ranges. Generally the losses are orders of magnitude too large for the proposed applications, and the reduction of losses with optimized designs seems to be out of reach. One way of addressing this issue is to incorporate gain media into NIM designs. However, whether NIMs with low loss can be achieved has been the subject of theoretical debate. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the incorporation of gain material in the high-local-field areas of a metamaterial makes it possible to fabricate an extremely low-loss and active optical NIM. The original loss-limited negative refractive index and the figure of merit (FOM) of the device have been drastically improved with loss compensation in the visible wavelength range between 722 and 738 nm. In this range, the NIM becomes active such that the sum of the light intensities in transmission and reflection exceeds the intensity of the incident beam. At a wavelength of 737 nm, the negative refractive index improves from -0.66 to -1.017 and the FOM increases from 1 to 26. At 738 nm, the FOM is expected to become macroscopically large, of the order of 10(6). This study demonstrates the possibility of fabricating an optical negative-index metamaterial that is not limited by the inherent loss in its metal constituent.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Xiao S,Drachev VP,Kildishev AV,Ni X,Chettiar UK,Yuan HK,Shalaev VMdoi
10.1038/nature09278subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-05 00:00:00pages
735-8issue
7307eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature09278journal_volume
466pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:There is growing recognition that mammalian cells produce many thousands of large intergenic transcripts. However, the functional significance of these transcripts has been particularly controversial. Although there are some well-characterized examples, most (>95%) show little evidence of evolutionary conservation and...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07672
更新日期：2009-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Tectal polarity for retinal connections remains reversible long after the anatomical pattern of neural structures has been determined. Cells in the diencephalon seem to control this polarity. Following certain embryonic operations, the diencephalon developed behind the tectum. In such cases, the polarity of the retino...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/258126a0
更新日期：1975-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genetic disorders. We have dissected a region of the 16p11.2 chromosome--which encompasses 29 genes--that confers susceptibility to neurocognitive defects when deleted or duplicated. Overexpression of each human transcript in zebrafish embryos identified KCTD13 as ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11091
更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or by inducing degradation of target messenger RNAs. It is unknown how much translational control is exerted by miRNAs on a genome-wide scale. We used a new proteomic approach to measure changes in synthesis of several thousand proteins i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07228
更新日期：2008-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of superconductivity in the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides two decades ago, it has been firmly established that the CuO(2) plane is essential for superconductivity and gives rise to a host of other very unusual properties. A new family of superconductors with the general comp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07081
更新日期：2008-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Naive lymphocytes continually enter and exit lymphoid organs in a recirculation process that is essential for immune surveillance. During immune responses, the egress process can be shut down transiently. When this occurs locally it increases lymphocyte numbers in the responding lymphoid organ; when it occurs systemic...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04606
更新日期：2006-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/d41586-018-07589-2
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The p35 protein from baculoviruses effectively prevents apoptosis by its broad-spectrum caspase inhibition. Here we report the crystal structure of p35 in complex with human caspase-8 at 3.0 A res...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35068604
更新日期：2001-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by ce...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature23669
更新日期：2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Although individuals age and die with time, an animal species can continue indefinitely, because of its immortal germ-cell lineage. How the germline avoids transmitting damage from one generation to the next remains a fundamental question in biology. Here we identify a lysosomal switch that enhances germline proteosta...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature24620
更新日期：2017-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide a blueprint for effective vaccination. Here we report the isola...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12053
更新日期：2013-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans are able to classify novel items correctly by category; some other animals have also been shown to do this. During category learning, humans group perceptual stimuli by abstracting qualities from similarity relationships of their physical properties. Forming categories is fundamental to cognition and can be ind...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35089076
更新日期：2001-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:On 12 May 2008, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) earthquake struck the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, collapsing buildings and killing thousands in major cities aligned along the western Sichuan basin in China. After such a large-magnitude earthquake, rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07177
更新日期：2008-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The Environmental Protection Agency is preparing to regulate the biotechnology industry, claiming authority under the provisions of the Federal Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In the agency's view, the products of recombinant DNA techniques can...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/306005a0
更新日期：1983-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Fresnel lenses allow almost perfect imaging in widely different circumstances, but their focus is perfect only for a single wavelength. Wang et al. have shown how the effective bandpass may be widened for X-ray microscopy by using a compound diffractive/refractive lens near to an absorption edge. A compound lens has a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/426245b
更新日期：2003-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The current picture of galaxy evolution advocates co-evolution of galaxies and their nuclear massive black holes, through accretion and galactic merging. Pairs of quasars, each with a massive black hole at the centre of its galaxy, have separations of 6,000 to 300,000 light years (refs 2 and 3; 1 parsec = 3.26 light y...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10364
更新日期：2011-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Helium is used as a critical tracer throughout the Earth sciences, where its relatively simple isotopic systematics is used to trace degassing from the mantle, to date groundwater and to time the rise of continents. The hydrothermal system at Yellowstone National Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope r...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12992
更新日期：2014-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of immunodeficiency in patients with specific purine enzyme defects indicates a crucial role of the purine salvage pathway in the acquisition and expression of normal immune function. One current hypothesis links the failure of normal lymphocyte development in these diseases to the accumulation of deoxy...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/285494a0
更新日期：1980-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sense viral and microbial DNA through endosomal Toll-like receptors to produce type 1 interferons. pDCs do not normally respond to self-DNA, but this restriction seems to break down in human autoimmune disease by an as yet poorly understood mechanism. Here we identify the antimicrob...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06116
更新日期：2007-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of protein synthesis is associated with changes in the ratio of intracellular Na+ to K+ in the cultured embryonic chick lens. Correlations of intracellular Na+/K+ ratios with crystallin synthesis and cataract formation in vitro suggest that the Na+/K+ ratio may have an important role in the regulation of prote...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/270406a0
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One simple, widely accepted mechanism for generating an aberrant chromosome number, or aneuploidy, is through nondisjunction--a chromosome distribution error that occurs during mitosis when both copies of a duplicated chromosome are deposited into one daughter cell and none into the other. Shi and King challenge this ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05139
更新日期：2006-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Migration of cells in higher organisms is mediated by adhesion receptors, such as integrins, that link the cell to extracellular-matrix ligands, transmitting forces and signals necessary for locomotion. Whether cells will migrate or not on a given substratum, and also their speed, depends on several variables related ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/385537a0
更新日期：1997-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthrax toxin, comprising protective antigen, lethal factor, and oedema factor, is the major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, an agent that causes high mortality in humans and animals. Protective antigen forms oligomeric prepores that undergo conversion to membrane-spanning pores by endosomal acidification, and...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14247
更新日期：2015-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Determining the chronology for the assembly of planetary bodies in the early Solar System is essential for a complete understanding of star- and planet-formation processes. Various radionuclide chronometers (applied to meteorites) have been used to determine that basaltic lava flows on the surface of the asteroid Vest...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00995
更新日期：2002-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Lyman-alpha emitters are thought to be young, low-mass galaxies with ages of approximately 10(8) yr (refs 1, 2). An overdensity of them in one region of the sky (the SSA 22 field) traces out a filamentary structure in the early Universe at a redshift of z approximately 3.1 (equivalent to 15 per cent of the age of the ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07947
更新日期：2009-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Particle physicists see neutrons as tiny massive particles with a confinement radius of about 0.7 fm and a distinct internal quark gluon structure. In quantum mechanics, neutrons are described by wave packets whose spatial extent may become ten orders of magnitude larger than the confinement radius, and can even reach...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature00773
更新日期：2002-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1038/d41586-019-00549-4
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. The dynamics of many species throu...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01064
更新日期：2002-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical development of an inhibitor of cellular proteasome function suggests that compounds targeting other components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system might prove useful for the treatment of human malignancies. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) is an essential component of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway that contro...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07884
更新日期：2009-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a dipeptidyl carboxy-peptidase that generates the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II and inactivates the vasodilating peptide bradykinin. The gene encoding ACE is composed of two homologous regions and codes for both a somatic and testis isoenzyme. Experiments with hypertens...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/375146a0
更新日期：1995-05-11 00:00:00
