Selective and potent Raf inhibitors paradoxically stimulate normal cell proliferation and tumor growth.

Abstract:

:Raf inhibitors are under clinical investigation, specifically in patients with tumor types harboring frequent activating mutations in B-Raf. Here, we show that cell lines and tumors harboring mutant B-Raf were sensitive to a novel series of Raf inhibitors (e.g., (V600E)B-Raf A375, IC(50) on cells = 2 nmol/L; ED(50) on tumor xenografts = 1.3 mg/kg). However, in cells and tumors with wild-type B-Raf, exposure to Raf inhibitors resulted in a dose-dependent and sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In some of these cell lines, Raf inhibition led to entry into the cell cycle, enhanced proliferation, and significantly stimulated tumor growth in vivo. Inhibition with structurally distinct Raf inhibitors or isoform-specific small interfering RNA knockdown of Raf showed that these effects were mediated directly through Raf. Either A-Raf or C-Raf mediated the Raf inhibitor-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation in an inhibitor-specific manner. These paradoxical effects of Raf inhibition were seen in malignant and normal cells in vitro and in vivo. Hyperplasia of normal epithelial cells in the esophagus and the stomach was evident in mice with all efficacious Raf inhibitors (n = 8) tested. An implication of these results is that Raf inhibitors may induce unexpected normal cell and tumor tissue proliferation in patients.

journal_name

Mol Cancer Ther

authors

Carnahan J,Beltran PJ,Babij C,Le Q,Rose MJ,Vonderfecht S,Kim JL,Smith AL,Nagapudi K,Broome MA,Fernando M,Kha H,Belmontes B,Radinsky R,Kendall R,Burgess TL

doi

10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0181

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-08-01 00:00:00

pages

2399-410

issue

8

eissn

1535-7163

issn

1538-8514

pii

1535-7163.MCT-10-0181

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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