Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Back protectors for snowboarders were analysed with respect to their potential to prevent spinal injury. DESIGN:In 20 Swiss skiing resorts, athletes were interviewed on the slope. In addition, an online survey was conducted. The performance of 12 commercially available back protectors was investigated by means of mechanical testing. A currently used drop test according to standard EN1621 (motorcycle protectors), testing energy damping was supplemented by penetration tests according to standard EN1077, which reflects snowsport safety concerns. RESULTS:6 out of 12 back protectors fulfilled the higher safety level defined in EN1621. Protectors making use of energy-absorbing layers performed particularly well. In contrast, hard shell protectors exhibited a higher potential to withstand the penetration test. The surveys confirmed that approximately 40-50% of snowboarders use a back protector. A large majority of users expect protection from severe spinal injury such as vertebral fractures or spinal cord injury. CONCLUSIONS:The currently used test standards are fulfilled by many back protectors. Users, however, expect protectors to be efficient in impact scenarios that result in spinal injury, which are more severe than impacts as addressed in the current standards. This study highlights that there is a mismatch between the capabilities of current back protectors to prevent spinal injury in snowboarding and the expectations users have of these protectors.
journal_name
Br J Sports Medjournal_title
British journal of sports medicineauthors
Schmitt KU,Liechti B,Michel FI,Stämpfli R,Brühwiler PAdoi
10.1136/bjsm.2010.072728subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
822-6issue
11eissn
0306-3674issn
1473-0480pii
bjsm.2010.072728journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine differences in ad libitum fluid intake, comparing a 6% carbohydrate/electrolyte drink (CHO-E) and water, and associated differences in core temperature and other selected physiological and perceptual responses in adolescent athletes during tennis training in the heat. METHODS:Fourteen healthy, fit...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2005.023333
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim was to assess the quality and strength of evidence for the health benefits of specific sport disciplines. Electronic search yielded 2194 records and the selection resulted in 69 eligible studies (47 cross-sectional, 9 cohort, 13 intervention studies). 105 comparisons between participation and non-participation...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2014-093885
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Promoting physical activity has become a priority because of its role in preventing childhood obesity and chronic disease. Ecological approaches that recognise the interaction between individuals and the settings in which they spend their time are currently at the forefront of public health action. Schools have been i...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2008.053447
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes). METHODS:188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with over...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2018-100036
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether antioxidant supplements and antioxidant-enriched foods can prevent or reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness after exercise. METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, SPORT...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2018-099599
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-093222
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little information is available on the effect of strength training on vascular function, particularly in older people. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of resistance training on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in older adults. METHOD:Eleven healthy men (mean (SEM) age 64 (1) years) performed 1...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2006.029538
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High knee abduction moment (KAM) landing mechanics, measured in the biomechanics laboratory, can successfully identify female athletes at increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS:The authors validated a simpler, clinic-based ACL injury prediction algorithm to identify female athle...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2010.072843
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2010.072157
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the available medical care to sports divers by a postal questionnaire sent to consultants and senior registrars in Accident and Emergency medicine in the UK, assessing their training in underwater medicine. Replies were received from 60 of 96 consultants (63%) and 32 of 58 (55%) senior registrars. Th...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.25.2.102
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical demands of modern basketball were assessed by investigating 38 elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. Computerised time-motion analyses were performed on 18 players of various positions. Heart rate was recorded continuously for all subjects. Blood was sampled before the start of ea...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2006.032318
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2009.058206
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is limited information about Achilles tendon disorders in professional football. AIMS:To investigate the incidence, injury circumstances, lay-off times and reinjury rates of Achilles tendon disorders in male professional football. METHODS:A total of 27 clubs from 10 countries and 1743 players have be...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092271
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.31.1.74
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2014-093984
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2008.051680
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2005.020743
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2008.054296
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2007.040931
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.18.1.22
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2002.001990
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2007.037812
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.18.3.220
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.35.5.342
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2011-090360
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
