Use of rituximab in multiple sclerosis: current progress and future perspectives.

Abstract:

:In recent years, new insights into the immunological pathways in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been detected. This increasing knowledge has led to more distinct treatment options in modifying the disease course of MS. In 2006, natalizumab, an alpha4-integrin monoclonal antibody, introduced a new era of MS treatment. Another promising drug is the monoclonal CD20-antibody rituximab, which depletes CD20(+) cells, pre-B cells and mature B cells. Rituximab is approved for the treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases other than MS, such as rheumatoid arthritis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Early-phase trials in the autoimmune-driven disorders Sjögren's syndrome, vasculitis and thrombocytopenic purpura confirmed the use of rituximab in B-cell-mediated diseases. Another autoimmune disease affecting the CNS is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). NMO is characterized by having some similarities with MS and several studies demonstrated successful therapy of NMO using rituximab. In addition, numerous case reports in MS patients showed a stabilization of the course with a reduction of the relapse rate and MRI pathologies in MS patients. To date, one Phase II clinical trial in MS patients confirmed the results from these case reports. In this article, we will focus on the role of B cells in MS and the immunomodulatory pathways of rituximab. Recent data from experimental and clinical trials, as well as safety aspects, are discussed. A future perspective is given regarding the possible role of rituximab, as well as possible other candidates for treating MS.

authors

Reske D,Haupt WF

doi

10.1586/1744666X.4.5.573

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-09-01 00:00:00

pages

573-82

issue

5

eissn

1744-666X

issn

1744-8409

journal_volume

4

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Role of invariant natural killer T cells in immune regulation and as potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease.

    abstract::Autoimmune diseases are caused by pathogenic antibody and/or T-cell responses that are left unchecked by regulatory immune mechanisms. Recent studies in immunology have focused on subsets of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) that can suppress autoimmune responses. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T(r...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.5.745

    authors: Van Kaer L

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Adalimumab for the treatment of uveitis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adalimumab, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), is the only systemic non-corticosteroid agent which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to summarize the research which demonstrat...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1288097

    authors: LaMattina KC,Goldstein DA

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular comorbidities in antiphospholipid syndrome.

    abstract::Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and the presence of antiphospholid antibodies. Among the causes of death of antiphospholipid syndrome there are the myocardial infarction and stroke. Comorbidities could worsen the evolutio...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.837261

    authors: Muniz Caldas CA,Freire de Carvalho J

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • HLA associations and Löfgren's syndrome.

    abstract::Patients with sarcoidosis can be subgrouped according to organ engagement and clinical manifestations. One such subgroup is Löfgren's syndrome (LS), constituting a distinct group of sarcoidosis patients with typical clinical manifestations, separate genetic associations and an immune response that seems to differ from...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/eci.11.76

    authors: Grunewald J

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Combining desloratadine and pseudoephedrine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

    abstract::Nonsedating antihistamines are a first-line therapy in the management of allergic rhinitis. They relieve the majority of the histamine-mediated symptoms of the condition, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, and pruritus. The nonsedating antihistamine desloratadine is effective in alleviating the symptoms of both seasonal ...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.4.519

    authors: Schenkel EJ

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • What can we learn from systemic lupus erythematosus pathophysiology to improve current therapy?

    abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that can affect every organ system and cause a wide range of signs and symptoms. The precise pathogenic mechanism of disease remains uncertain, but it is clearly complex and involves the activation and deregulation of many components of the immune system. Certain ...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.1078237

    authors: Vilas-Boas A,Bakshi J,Isenberg DA

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoallergenic molecules for subcutaneous immunotherapy.

    abstract::Although a large part of the population suffers from allergies, a cure is not yet available. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) offers promise for these patients. AIT has proven successful in insect and venom allergies; however, for food allergy this is still unclear. In this editorial we focus on the recent advanc...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 社论,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1103182

    authors: Jongejan L,van Ree R,Poulsen LK

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Targeting signaling pathways with small molecules to treat autoimmune disorders.

    abstract::Chronic activation of immune responses, mediated by inflammatory mediators and involving different effector cells of the innate and acquired immune system characterizes autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and septic shock syndrome. MAPKs are crucial intracellular m...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.4.1.93

    authors: Kaminska B,Swiatek-Machado K

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Perspectives on complementary and alternative therapies in asthma.

    abstract::Asthma is a chronic disease that affects millions of individuals living in the USA. Proper asthma management is essential for controlling asthma symptoms and exacerbations. In recent years, however, there has been increased recognition of individuals using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat asthma. ...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.4.6.703

    authors: Adams SK,Koinis-Mitchell D

    更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00

  • Prophylactic immunoglobulin therapy in secondary immune deficiency - an expert opinion.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:In primary immunodeficiency (PID), immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) for infection prevention is well-established and supported by a wealth of clinical data. On the contrary, very little evidence-based data is available on the challenges surrounding the use of IgRT in secondary immune deficiencies ...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1208085

    authors: Agostini C,Blau IW,Kimby E,Plesner T

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Tacrolimus for the prevention and treatment of rejection of solid organ transplants.

    abstract::Since its introduction to the antirejection armamentarium in 1994, tacrolimus has become the workhorse of transplant professionals for avoidance of solid organ transplant rejection. Not only does tacrolimus have potent immunosuppressive qualities that prevent rejection, but dosing is straight forward and it is general...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1123093

    authors: Scalea JR,Levi ST,Ally W,Brayman KL

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic monitoring of the immuno-modulating drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite the emergence of newer immunomodulating agents for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a substantial proportion of patients still do not respond optimally. While the mechanisms for the differential responses to drug therapy are unclear, variation in drug exposure with the same dosing protocol relat...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1212659

    authors: Mok CC

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • The multifaceted aspects of refractory lupus nephritis.

    abstract::The term refractory lupus nephritis is generally used to indicate cases that do not respond to traditional treatment. However, the clinical presentation of lupus nephritis is variable and the time to response depends on the typology of the underlying renal syndrome. The criteria and the time for response are different...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.990883

    authors: Moroni G,Ponticelli C

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tests for evaluating non-immediate allergic drug reactions.

    abstract::Non-immediate drug reactions (NIR) are induced by specific immunological mechanisms and involve the recognition of hapten molecules by the immune system, with the participation of dendritic cells and other antigen-presenting cells. This process is followed by an effector response that can induce several clinical entit...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.966691

    authors: Perkins JR,Ariza A,Blanca M,Fernández TD

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment and monitoring of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically induced lung disease that develops after inhalation of certain environmental antigens only in subjects with susceptibility to antigens. Therefore, both environmental and host immunological factors play important roles in the aetiology and pathogenesis...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1182426

    authors: Miyazaki Y,Tsutsui T,Inase N

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Chronotherapy with modified-release prednisone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract::Glucocorticoids are indispensable for the treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), though their beneficial effects have to be balanced with potential complications arising from high doses, prolonged use or dose splitting. A glucocorticoid formulation (modified-release prednisone) ...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/eci.11.95

    authors: Alten R

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • The relationship between B7 homologous 1 with interleukin-4, interleukin-17 and interferon gamma in patients with allergic rhinitis.

    abstract::Background: The etiology of allergic rhinitis includes an increase in cytokine levels, including IL- 4, IL-13, IL-17, and reduction in B7 homologous 1 (B7-H1) or programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), a new member of the CD28: B7 stimulant molecule family. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship bet...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1637256

    authors: Nasiri Kalmarzi R,Fakhimi R,Manouchehri F,Ataee P,Naleini N,Babaei E,Azadi N,Rabeti K,Kooti W

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Dietary therapies for eosinophilic esophagitis.

    abstract::Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) represents a prevalent chronic esophageal disorder. Since the condition was first described, its pathophysiology has been known to have an immune-allergic origin, but the high response rate to dietary therapies based on feeding patients exclusively with amino acid-based elemental formula...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.856263

    authors: Arias A,Lucendo AJ

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Epithelial physical barrier defects in chronic rhinosinusitis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper airway disease with a prevalence of greater than 10% of the general population. Although the pathogenesis of CRS remains poorly understood, there is growing evidence indicating that epithelial physical barrier defects play an important role in CRS pathogenesis...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1601556

    authors: Jiao J,Wang C,Zhang L

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • The advent of IL-17A blockade in ankylosing spondylitis: secukinumab, ixekizumab and beyond.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Secukinumab, an interleukin-17A (IL-17A) antagonist, is the first non-TNF alpha inhibitor agent licensed for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which opens up a new era of alternative cytokine targets beyond TNF. Areas covered: This review explores the pathophysiology and scientific evidence behind the use of th...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1561281

    authors: Dubash S,Bridgewood C,McGonagle D,Marzo-Ortega H

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Future clinical implications emerging from recent genome-wide expression studies in asthma.

    abstract::Host susceptibility to environmental triggers is the most likely explanation for the development of asthma. Quantifying gene expression levels in disease-relevant tissues and cell types using fast evolving genomic technologies have generated new hypotheses about the pathogenesis of asthma and identified new therapeuti...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.932249

    authors: Bérubé JC,Bossé Y

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris: part 1 - current therapies.

    abstract::Introduction: While biologic agents that can be used for treating pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are increasing, themajority of the world's PV patients can afford only corticosteroids (CS) and some immunosuppressive agents (ISA). Areas covered: The spectrum of side effects encountered when PV patients receive high-dose, long...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1672535

    authors: Yanovsky RL,McLeod M,Ahmed AR

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D and spondyloarthritis.

    abstract::In cross-sectional studies, vitamin D deficiency is frequent in spondyloarthritic patients and associated with increased spondyloarthritis (SpA) activity and structural damage. Experimental studies also show that vitamin D interferes with molecular pathways critically involved in SpA, especially regarding entheseal in...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.972944

    authors: Guillot X,Prati C,Wendling D

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • Dupilumab for the treatment of adolescents with atopic dermatitis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dupilumab is a treatment option newly licensed for adolescents with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). It reduces type 2 inflammation by blocking the shared receptor subunit for IL-4/-13. Dupilumab affects three disease mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: the skin barrier, the Th2-cell differentiation...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1801420

    authors: Senner S,Seegräber M,Frey S,Kendziora B,Eicher L,Wollenberg A

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical management of patients with primary immunodeficiencies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    abstract::Introduction: Patients affected by Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) represent a potential group-at-risk in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Studies on large and small cohorts of IEI reported a huge variability clinical manifestations associated to SARS-Cov-2, ranging from asymptomatic, mild, moderate/severe to death. A g...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2021.1873767

    authors: Quinti I,Mezzaroma I,Milito C

    更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00

  • New frontiers in reproductive immunology research: bringing bedside problems to the bench.

    abstract::The 31st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Immunology provided an excellent platform for basic and clinical scientists to brainstorm on current reproductive health issues such as repeated implantation and pregnancy failure, preterm birth, preeclampsia and genital tract infections such as HIV. The...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/eci.11.47

    authors: Joukhadar J,Nevers T,Kalkunte S

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Ragweed allergy immunotherapy tablet MK-3641 (Ragwitek®) for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is among the most common chronic conditions affecting both children and adults. It is the cause of significant morbidity from the symptoms and interference with sleep. It results in major impairment of performance both at school and at work. In the U.S. and certain parts of Europe, r...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1538788

    authors: Nelson HS

    更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical aspects of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: what is it and what is the real value for the everyday practice?

    abstract::The course of inflammatory bowel diseases is heterogeneous and varies over time. Therefore, the search for predictive factors has increasingly become the focus of research. Mucosal healing has emerged as an important objective, as evidence indicates that it is associated with improved disease outcome. Nevertheless, ma...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.824675

    authors: Miheller P,Mandel MD,Mullner K,Lakatos PL

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic urticaria.

    abstract::Urticaria is a common and often debilitating dermatological condition defined by the sudden appearance of wheals, angioedema or both. It is further classified into specific subtypes based on duration and specific triggers. Awareness and understanding of urticaria are important to ensure a correct initial diagnosis and...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.993971

    authors: Zuberbier T,Maurer M

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Recent insights into CD4+ T-cell specificity and function in type 1 diabetes.

    abstract::Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by T-cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas. Genetic and immunological evidence from humans and mouse models indicates that CD4(+) T cells play a crucial role in the development and prevention of T1D. The dichotomy between CD4(+) T regulatory and e...

    journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.4.557

    authors: Mannering SI,Brodnicki TC

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00