Abstract:
:When a biological hypothesis of causal effect can be inferred, the hypothesis can sometimes be tested in the selfsame database that gave rise to the study data from which the hypothesis grew. Valid testing happens when the inferred biological hypothesis has scientific implications that predict new relations between observations already recorded. Testing for the existence of the new relations is a valid assessment of the biological hypothesis, so long as the newly predicted relations are not a logical correlate of the observations that stimulated the hypothesis in the first place. These predictions that lead to valid tests might be called 'orthogonal' predictions in the data, and stand in marked contrast to 'scrawny' hypotheses with no biological content, which predict simply that the same data relations will be seen in a new database. The Universal Data Warehouse will shortly render moot searches for new databases in which to test.
journal_name
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safjournal_title
Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safetyauthors
Walker AMdoi
10.1002/pds.1929subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
529-32issue
5eissn
1053-8569issn
1099-1557journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To define periods of acceptable mortality reporting in primary care and to demonstrate through examples the implication for research using automated medical data. METHODS:Annual death counts were obtained for each primary care practice participating in The Health Improvement Network "THIN" (UK). Expected count...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.1688
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of healthcare databases in research provides advantages such as increased speed, lower costs and limitation of some biases. However, database research has its own challenges as studies must be performed within the limitations of resources, which often are the product of complex healthcare systems. The primary ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.2229
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Determination of the incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is urgent, in response to the safety issue with use of the glucose lowering drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and DKA. METHODS:We extracted data of adult patients with T2DM from a medical claim...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.4271
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Several studies indicate that the medical burden of fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) is significant, but the preventability of FADRs in the general population is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of preventable FADRs and preventable fatal drug poisonings (FDPs) in a Swed...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.1890
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the primary targets for pharmacovigilance using medical information databases (MIDs). Because of diagnostic complexity, a standardized method for identifying DILI using MIDs has not yet been established. We applied the Digestive Disease Week Japan 2004 (DDW-J) scale, a...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3603
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ejection fraction (EF) is crucial information when studying the use and effectiveness of therapies in patients with heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to assess the validity of claims data-based definitions of systolic dysfunction (SD). METHODS:We identified 1072 patients with EF recor...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.2146
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to quantify rates of adverse events in a high-risk multi-morbid population of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study among nursing home residents diagnosed with AD and psychosis during January 1998 to October 1...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.1274
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the internet way of feedback to prescribing physicians, providing data on antimicrobial use and to assess the applicability of the DU90% (i.e. Drug Utilisation 90%--the number of drugs accounting for 90% of the volume of usage in defined daily doses, (DDDs)) methodology in the hospital setting. MET...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.898
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The abuse and nonmedical use of prescription opioids and its subsequent consequences are an important public health concern. This phenomenon has paralleled the increase in the therapeutic use of opioids for pain management. There is thus a need to measure prescription opioid abuse to understand trends over time...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/pds.3711
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Granular clinical and laboratory data available in electronic health record (EHR) databases provide researchers the opportunity to conduct investigations that would not be possible in insurance claims databases; however, for pharmacoepidemiology studies, accurate classification of medication exposure is crit...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.4234
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current medical care environment has created expectations that exceed its capabilities, one effect of which has been an increasing awareness of lapses in the quality of healthcare, including medical errors. As more new therapies reach clinical application, the expectations on the part of the public are unlikely to...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.699
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In order to assess the short-term safety and tolerability of newly prescribed antihypertensive monotherapies in Korean patients, a prospective study was carried out. METHODS:A total of 1181 patients were observed from July 1997 to August 1999. At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after initiation of antihypertensive monoth...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.554
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Our study addresses how the information in the labels differed between United States (US) and Japan, what factors were associated with the decision to place the boxed warning on the label, and the relation of both countries in terms of drug label policy. METHODS:We investigated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.4111
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The absence of agreed competencies in pharmacovigilance and patient risk management is a key factor hindering the development of training and a curriculum in these interrelated disciplines. If competencies were to be developed, they could be tailored to the different roles and responsibilities of the various st...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.1153
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The analgesic metamizole (dipyrone) is not recommended during pregnancy due to limited experience. In several countries, metamizole has no market authorization because of agranulocytosis as a rare but severe adverse effect. However, in others, metamizole is available and widely used as a pain reliever, and...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.4277
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth in health information systems presents opportunities to enhance postmarketing safety surveillance of medical products. Spontaneous suspected side effect reports provide the foundation, but we need to 'proactively' improve their quality and our strategies to seek signals. In our more familiar 'reactive' mode, we...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/pds.587
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This paper introduces an improved tool for designing matched-pairs randomized trials. The tool allows the incorporation of clinical and other knowledge regarding the relative importance of variables used in matching and allows for multiple types of missing data. The method is illustrated in the context of a clu...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3260
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Identify if publication of the 2010 drug safety communication (DSC) regarding benzonatate was associated with a decrease in the incidence of severe benzonatate poisonings reported to United States poison centers. METHODS:This retrospective database study utilized the National Poison Data System to compare the ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.5136
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In pharmacoepidemiology, one of the main concerns is analysis of drug exposure time. However, in real-life settings, patient's behavior is complex and characterized by drug exposure dynamics. Multi-state models allow assessing the probabilities of various patterns, instead of just continuous use and/or disconti...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3835
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We systematically review the cross-national drug utilization studies performed in Latin America (LA) in order to analyze the methods applied and assess the validity of the data to ensure the comparability. METHODS:A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and BIREME was performed. Drug utilization studies includ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/pds.3896
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine and compare the quality of drug prescribing for older patients in nursing homes and home nursing services. METHODS:Cross-sectional study comprising 11,254 patients aged ≥ 65 years in nursing homes (n = 2986) and home nursing services (n = 8268). Potentially inappropriate medications were identified ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.2232
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although sales of prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC) medication are rising, little is known about individual drug intake. This study was aimed to obtain complementary information about drug intake. METHOD:Information on drug utilization was obtained in a female cohort for five different time points (TP): 36...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3943
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meloxicam (Mobic((R))) was introduced in the UK in 1996 as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). To help evaluate the postmarketing experience with meloxicam in the UK, we used the General Practitioners Research Database (GPRD) to characterize the baseline risk of an upper gastrointestinal (GI) event among ne...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1557(200003/04)9:2<113::AID-PDS
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine the effect of antidepressant use on persistence with newly initiated oral antidiabetic medicines in older people. METHODS:A retrospective study of administrative claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs, from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2008 of new users...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3424
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the prevalence and potential indications of PDE5 inhibitor use among pregnant and reproductive-age women in the United States. METHODS:We identified women 15 to 50 years with a livebirth from January 2001 through March 2018 in Sentinel Database. We assessed the prevalence of PDE5 inhibitor use prior ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.5112
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We review statistical methods for assessing the possible impact of bias due to unmeasured confounding in real world data analysis and provide detailed recommendations for choosing among the methods. METHODS:By updating an earlier systematic review, we summarize modern statistical best practices for evaluating ...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/pds.5117
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Epidemiologic studies on a potential chemopreventive effect of statin therapy have yielded conflicting results. We sought to clarify whether long-term statin therapy has a chemopreventive effect on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a large, population-representative cohort. METHODS:A nested ca...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.1599
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Observational pharmacoepidemiological studies can provide valuable information on the effectiveness or safety of interventions in the real world, but one major challenge is the existence of unmeasured confounder(s). While many analytical methods have been developed for dealing with this challenge, they appear u...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/pds.4394
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We aimed to quantify the extent of over-the-counter (OTC) low-dose aspirin use among patients in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the UK. METHODS:In September 2013, a random sample of low-dose aspirin users (75 past users and 75 never users) was identified based on prescriptions recorded in THIN. Prima...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.3926
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate a possible increased risk of esophageal obstruction among users of loratadine and pseudoephedrine (Claritin-D 24-Hour [C-D 24], the original, round, extended-release formulation) compared to two other tablet formulations of loratadine. METHODS:Pharmacy data of 12 managed care plans were screened...
journal_title:Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/pds.816
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00