Some features of the spread of epidemics and information on a random graph.

abstract：:We have generated a transgenic mouse line by microinjection of a chimeric DNA fragment (KER-CAT) containing a hair-specific, murine ultra-high-sulfur keratin promoter (KER) fused to the coding region of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. A 671-base pair (bp) stretch of the 5' promoter region w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNab AR,Andrus P,Wagner TE,Buhl AE,Waldon DJ,Kawabe TT,Rea TJ,Groppi V,Vogeli G

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unconventional myosin 15 is a molecular motor expressed in inner ear hair cells that transports protein cargos within developing mechanosensory stereocilia. Mutations of myosin 15 cause profound hearing loss in humans and mice; however, the properties of this motor and its regulation within the stereocilia organelle a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bird JE,Takagi Y,Billington N,Strub MP,Sellers JR,Friedman TB

更新日期：2014-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine pre-B leukemic cell line 70Z/3 contains both an unrearranged immunoglobulin kappa-light-chain gene and a functionally rearranged but silent kappa-light-chain gene. Mitogenic stimulation of growing 70Z/3 cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates kappa-light-gene transcription and results in a 1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wall R,Briskin M,Carter C,Govan H,Taylor A,Kincade P

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It had been shown previously that the heat-stable polypeptide of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system of reticulocytes, designated APF-1, forms covalent conjugates with protein substrates in an ATP-requiring process. We now describe an enzyme that carries out the activation by ATP of the polypeptide with pyrophosphate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ciechanover A,Heller H,Katz-Etzion R,Hershko A

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide sequence analysis of one of several tRNA genes cloned from Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear DNA indicated that it corresponds to a tRNA species having TTA as anticodon. Subsequently, the tRNA species corresponding to that gene was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined by post-labeling tech...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuchino Y,Hanyu N,Tashiro F,Nishimura S

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Factors that elevate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide levels are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Insulysin has been identified as one of several proteases potentially involved in Abeta degradation based on its hydrolysis of Abeta peptides in vitro. In this study, in vivo levels of brain Abeta40 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller BC,Eckman EA,Sambamurti K,Dobbs N,Chow KM,Eckman CB,Hersh LB,Thiele DL

更新日期：2003-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Electron microscopic techniques have been used to reveal two classes of subunits of tubulin in ordered arrays. Presumably the two classes correspond to the alpha and beta polypeptide chains of tubulin that have been distinguished by chemical criteria. The two types of subunits alternate along individual protofilaments...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crepeau RH,McEwen B,Edelstein SJ

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of the nematic electronic state that breaks rotational symmetry is one of the most fascinating properties of the iron-based superconductors, and has relevance to cuprates as well. FeSe has a unique ground state in which superconductivity coexists with a nematic order without long-range magnetic ordering,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sato Y,Kasahara S,Taniguchi T,Xing X,Kasahara Y,Tokiwa Y,Yamakawa Y,Kontani H,Shibauchi T,Matsuda Y

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The size of virus-specific RNA synthesized in cultured mouse kidney cells infected with polyoma virus was estimated by electrophoresis and sedimentation analysis of RNA extracts from whole cells. Newly synthesized "late" polyoma-specific RNA appears as "giant" molecules of heterogeneous size, up to several times large...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Acheson NH,Buetti E,Scherrer K,Weil R

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complete inactivation of the human retinoblastoma gene (RB) is believed to be an essential step in tumorigenesis of several different cancers. To provide a framework for understanding inactivation mechanisms, the structure of RB was delineated. The RB transcript is encoded in 27 exons dispersed over about 200 kilobase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hong FD,Huang HJ,To H,Young LJ,Oro A,Bookstein R,Lee EY,Lee WH

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Predicting the timing of upcoming events is critical for successful interaction in a dynamic world, and is recognized as a key computation for attentional orienting. Temporal predictions can be formed when recent events define a rhythmic structure, as well as in aperiodic streams or even in isolation, when a specified...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breska A,Ivry RB

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of a recently synthesized photolabile chelator for divalent cations are described, the affinity of which for Ca2+ changes by some 5 orders of magnitude on illumination. The compound 1-(2-nitro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis[(oxycarbonyl)me thyl]-1,2-ethanediamine (DM-nitrophen) binds Ca2+ (Kd a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaplan JH,Ellis-Davies GC

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis, is a complex disease influenced by genetic, intrinsic, and environmental factors. In this study, we questioned whether parent-of-origin effects influence EAE, using reciprocal F2 intercross progeny generated between EAE-susceptib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teuscher C,Noubade R,Spach K,McElvany B,Bunn JY,Fillmore PD,Zachary JF,Blankenhorn EP

更新日期：2006-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) into larvae of the fly Sarcophaga bullata 3-4 hr before the beginning of puparium formation (red-spiracle stage) greatly accelerates the onset of tanning without affecting initiation of puparium formation (anterior retraction). Accelerated tanning resembles real tanning in two impo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraenkel G,Blechl A,Blechl J,Herman P,Seligman MI

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reef-building corals are critically important species that are threatened by anthropogenic stresses including climate change. In attempts to understand corals' responses to stress and other aspects of their biology, numerous genomic and transcriptomic studies have been performed, generating a variety of hypotheses abo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cleves PA,Strader ME,Bay LK,Pringle JR,Matz MV

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) activates the transcription of many genes encoding acute phase and proinflammatory proteins, a function mediated primarily by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. An early IL-1 signaling event is the recruitment of the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK to the type I IL-1 receptor (IL...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang J,Gao X,Li S,Cao Z

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular beacons are DNA probes that form a stem-and-loop structure and possess an internally quenched fluorophore. When they bind to complementary nucleic acids, they undergo a conformational transition that switches on their fluorescence. These probes recognize their targets with higher specificity than probes that...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonnet G,Tyagi S,Libchaber A,Kramer FR

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Many changes have been described in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, including loss of neurons and formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies are unclear. Northern blot, dot-blot, and reverse transcription-coupled PCR analyses have dem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow N,Cox C,Callahan LM,Weimer JM,Guo L,Coleman PD

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants frequently respond to herbivorous insect attack by synthesizing defense proteins that deter insect feeding and prevent additional herbivory. Maize (Zea mays L.) lines, resistant to feeding by a number of lepidopteran species, rapidly mobilize a unique 33-kDa cysteine protease in response to caterpillar feeding....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pechan T,Cohen A,Williams WP,Luthe DS

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco mosaic virus and turnip yellow mosaic virus genome RNAs, which have long (greater than or equal to 69 nucleotides) 5'-terminal leader sequences preceding the AUG initiation codon, can form disome initiation complexes when incubated with a wheat germ extract and sparsomycin. In tobacco mosaic virus RNA, whereas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Filipowicz W,Haenni AL

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.17.1) activity were measured in rats. Adrenergic neuron blockade with bretylium for 4 hr and ganglion blockade with chlorisondamine for 72 hr lowered plasma norepinephrine. Neither treatment altered plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. Phenoxybenzamine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid JL,Kopin IJ

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular transport is based on molecular motors that pull cargos along cytoskeletal filaments. One motor species always moves in one direction, e.g., conventional kinesin moves to the microtubule plus end, whereas cytoplasmic dynein moves to the microtubule minus end. However, many cellular cargoes are observed t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Müller MJ,Klumpp S,Lipowsky R

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurately estimating human mobility and gauging its relationship with virus transmission is critical for the control of COVID-19 spreading. Using mobile device location data of over 100 million monthly active samples, we compute origin-destination travel demand and aggregate mobility inflow at each US county from Mar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiong C,Hu S,Yang M,Luo W,Zhang L

更新日期：2020-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Chondrules may have played a critical role in the earliest stages of planet formation by mediating the accumulation of dust into planetesimals. However, the origin of chondrules and their significance for planetesimal accretion remain enigmatic. Here, we show that chondrules and matrix in the carbonaceous chondrite Al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Budde G,Kleine T,Kruijer TS,Burkhardt C,Metzler K

更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) highlights the urgent need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to the drugs used to treat this disease. The aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are important bactericidal drugs used to treat MDR TB, and resistance to one or both of these drugs is a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zaunbrecher MA,Sikes RD Jr,Metchock B,Shinnick TM,Posey JE

更新日期：2009-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Substance P prohormones were identified in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra of human brain. A polypeptide fraction of acidic brain extracts was fractionated on Sephadex G-50. The lyophilized fractions were sequentially treated with trypsin and a substance P-degrading enzyme with strong preferenc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nyberg F,le Grevés P,Terenius L

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in vitro have established that free tryptophan induces tna operon expression by binding to the ribosome that has just completed synthesis of TnaC-tRNA(Pro), the peptidyl-tRNA precursor of the leader peptide of this operon. Tryptophan acts by inhibiting Release Factor 2-mediated cleavage of this peptidyl-tRNA a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cruz-Vera LR,Gong M,Yanofsky C

更新日期：2006-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune responses to several soluble antigens were compared between B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant and wild-type B6 mice by using a lymph node T-cell proliferation assay. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin whereas other IA gene-controlled responses, such as response to poly(L-Tyr, L-Glu)--poly(DL-Ala, L-Lys) and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin CC,Rosenthal AS,Passmore HC,Hansen TH

更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are key drivers of blood and lymph vessel formation in development, but also in several pathological processes. VEGF-C signaling through VEGFR-3 promotes lymphangiogenesis, which is a clinically relevant target for treating lymphatic insufficienc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leppänen VM,Tvorogov D,Kisko K,Prota AE,Jeltsch M,Anisimov A,Markovic-Mueller S,Stuttfeld E,Goldie KN,Ballmer-Hofer K,Alitalo K

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:An approach combining signal detection theory and precise 3D reconstructions from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM) was used to investigate synaptic plasticity and information storage capacity at medial perforant path synapses in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus in vivo. Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bromer C,Bartol TM,Bowden JB,Hubbard DD,Hanka DC,Gonzalez PV,Kuwajima M,Mendenhall JM,Parker PH,Abraham WC,Sejnowski TJ,Harris KM

更新日期：2018-03-06 00:00:00